Op Kerstdag probeerde een moslimterrorist zichzelf op te blazen tijdens een vlucht van Northwest Airlines tussen Amsterdam en Detroit. Een alerte passagier kon het drama gelukkig voorkomen en wist de jihadi te overmeesteren. Onmiddellijk werd er een onderzoek opgestart naar de motieven van de dader, hijzelf blijft beweren dat hij in opdracht van Al-Quaeda opereerde, maar ook de vraag hoe dit weer is kunnen gebeuren, moet snel een antwoord krijgen. Enkele dagen na het voorval liet de Amerikaanse president zich ontvallen dat dit soort praktijken onaanvaardbaar zijn en dat alles in het werk gesteld moet worden om dit naar de toekomst toe te vermijden.
Mooie woorden, daar niet van, maar hoe denken Barack Obama en de andere betrokkenen dit juist te realiseren? Volgens mij wordt het immers hoog tijd om de politiek-correcte paardenkleppen af te leggen en om duurzame oplossingen te vinden die de burgerrechten en individuele vrijheden niet verder uithollen. En om misschien de markt terug eens te laten spelen. Maar natuurlijk blijft dit "wishful thinking". Onze leiders houden immers vast aan het slechtste van twee werelden. Dat ze daarmee de terroristen, ongeacht het succes van hun aanslagen zelf, laten winnen, lijkt niemand nog te beseffen. We geven onze vrijheid vandaag op in ruil voor tijdelijke veiligheid, en uiteindelijk verliezen we beide... Passagiers zullen in de toekomst nog meer dan vandaag al het geval is door de veiligheidsdiensten als misdadigers beschouwd en behandeld worden. We moeten al jaren lang onze schoenen uitdoen, onze minuscule broekriemen, ook die zonder metalen buckle, afleggen, onze laptops uit onze bagage nemen en enkel nog apart ingepakte minieme hoeveelheden vloeistoffen meenemen aan boord van het vliegtuig. De Amerikaanse journaliste Becky Ackers voert al evenveel jaar campagne tegen deze nonsensmaatregelen en zij kreeg vorige week gelijk. Ondanks al deze pestmaatregelen konden de bureaucraten niet voorkomen dat een moslimterrorist met explosieven in zijn schoen aan boord kon komen.
Het systeem biedt dus al evenmin bescherming tegen zulke terroristen dan de procedures die voor 9-11 in voege waren. Wordt het dan eens geen tijd om die procedures opnieuw te toetsen aan hun efficiëntie, hun effectiviteit en hun proportionaliteit? Ze brachten immers geen enkele meerwaarde voor de veiligheid met zich mee en veroorzaakten alleen maar extra last en ongemakken voor de passagiers. Maar neen, de bureaucraten weten het weer beter. Zij beslisten om nog strengere maatregelen van stal te halen en de passagiers nog meer te ambeteren. Het oude plan van naaktscanners dat omwille van privacyredenen eerst tegengehouden werd, zal nu mits enkele kleine aanpassingen toch standaardprocedure worden... Nochtans zijn er tal van alternatieve oplossingen voor handen. De Israëlische luchtvaartmaatschappij El Al is een gedroomd doelwit voor moslimterroristen maar toch werd nog nooit een vliegtuig van hen gekaapt of aangevallen. Waarom niet? Omdat Israël gewapende geheimagenten inzet op alle El Al-vluchten, en met succes. Een andere manier zou er uit bestaan om de politiek-correcte blinddoek uit te doen en de problemen eens bij naam en toenaam te noemen. Niet elke moslim is een terrorist, maar elke terrorist is wel een moslim. Wordt het geen tijd om "racial profiling" door veiligheidsdiensten toe te laten, of mogen we dan van de overheid niet verwachten dat zij maatschappijen die bepaalde geloofsgroepen niet langer aan boord wensen omwille van veiligheidsrisico's daartoe het recht geeft?
Want volgens mij ligt daar nu éénmaal de enige duurzame oplossing voor het terreurprobleem in de luchtvaart: concurrentie. Bureaucraten zullen nooit in staat zijn om met de beste oplossingen naar voren te komen. Zij dragen de kosten van de procedures niet, zijn niet begaan met wat passagiers willen, en zij zijn van nature inert en immobiel als het op aanpassen, terugdraaien of afschaffen aankomt. Enkel de markt en het spel van concurrentie tussen verschillende spelers zou deze uitdaging het hoofd kunnen bieden. Individuele airlines zouden vrij moeten zijn om zelf de mate van veiligheidscontrole te bepalen en zelf met eigen initiatieven op de proppen te komen... Als een vlucht van maatschappij X gekaapt wordt, zullen passagiers nadien wel twee maal nadenken voor ze die in de toekomst zullen gebruiken. De beste experimenten zullen tot de meest rendabele maatschappijen leiden, terwijl de mindere goden van het toneel zullen verdwijnen. Waarom laten we de ene niet experimenteren met vrij wapenbezit aan boord, de andere met de traditionele controles van vandaag? De juiste aanpak zal beloond worden, de rest verdwijnt. Het is immers niet omdat veiligheid aan boord van een vliegtuig een zeer kostbaar iets is dat we het niet aan de markt kunnen overlaten. Het is net omdat het zo waardevol is, dat we dat net wel moeten doen.
Dit opiniestuk van mij verscheen eveneens op de liberale metablogs "In Flanders Fields", "De Vrijspreker" en "Het Vrije Volk".
Meer teksten van Becky Ackers vind je op www.lewrockwell.com.
Mooie woorden, daar niet van, maar hoe denken Barack Obama en de andere betrokkenen dit juist te realiseren? Volgens mij wordt het immers hoog tijd om de politiek-correcte paardenkleppen af te leggen en om duurzame oplossingen te vinden die de burgerrechten en individuele vrijheden niet verder uithollen. En om misschien de markt terug eens te laten spelen. Maar natuurlijk blijft dit "wishful thinking". Onze leiders houden immers vast aan het slechtste van twee werelden. Dat ze daarmee de terroristen, ongeacht het succes van hun aanslagen zelf, laten winnen, lijkt niemand nog te beseffen. We geven onze vrijheid vandaag op in ruil voor tijdelijke veiligheid, en uiteindelijk verliezen we beide... Passagiers zullen in de toekomst nog meer dan vandaag al het geval is door de veiligheidsdiensten als misdadigers beschouwd en behandeld worden. We moeten al jaren lang onze schoenen uitdoen, onze minuscule broekriemen, ook die zonder metalen buckle, afleggen, onze laptops uit onze bagage nemen en enkel nog apart ingepakte minieme hoeveelheden vloeistoffen meenemen aan boord van het vliegtuig. De Amerikaanse journaliste Becky Ackers voert al evenveel jaar campagne tegen deze nonsensmaatregelen en zij kreeg vorige week gelijk. Ondanks al deze pestmaatregelen konden de bureaucraten niet voorkomen dat een moslimterrorist met explosieven in zijn schoen aan boord kon komen.
Het systeem biedt dus al evenmin bescherming tegen zulke terroristen dan de procedures die voor 9-11 in voege waren. Wordt het dan eens geen tijd om die procedures opnieuw te toetsen aan hun efficiëntie, hun effectiviteit en hun proportionaliteit? Ze brachten immers geen enkele meerwaarde voor de veiligheid met zich mee en veroorzaakten alleen maar extra last en ongemakken voor de passagiers. Maar neen, de bureaucraten weten het weer beter. Zij beslisten om nog strengere maatregelen van stal te halen en de passagiers nog meer te ambeteren. Het oude plan van naaktscanners dat omwille van privacyredenen eerst tegengehouden werd, zal nu mits enkele kleine aanpassingen toch standaardprocedure worden... Nochtans zijn er tal van alternatieve oplossingen voor handen. De Israëlische luchtvaartmaatschappij El Al is een gedroomd doelwit voor moslimterroristen maar toch werd nog nooit een vliegtuig van hen gekaapt of aangevallen. Waarom niet? Omdat Israël gewapende geheimagenten inzet op alle El Al-vluchten, en met succes. Een andere manier zou er uit bestaan om de politiek-correcte blinddoek uit te doen en de problemen eens bij naam en toenaam te noemen. Niet elke moslim is een terrorist, maar elke terrorist is wel een moslim. Wordt het geen tijd om "racial profiling" door veiligheidsdiensten toe te laten, of mogen we dan van de overheid niet verwachten dat zij maatschappijen die bepaalde geloofsgroepen niet langer aan boord wensen omwille van veiligheidsrisico's daartoe het recht geeft?
Want volgens mij ligt daar nu éénmaal de enige duurzame oplossing voor het terreurprobleem in de luchtvaart: concurrentie. Bureaucraten zullen nooit in staat zijn om met de beste oplossingen naar voren te komen. Zij dragen de kosten van de procedures niet, zijn niet begaan met wat passagiers willen, en zij zijn van nature inert en immobiel als het op aanpassen, terugdraaien of afschaffen aankomt. Enkel de markt en het spel van concurrentie tussen verschillende spelers zou deze uitdaging het hoofd kunnen bieden. Individuele airlines zouden vrij moeten zijn om zelf de mate van veiligheidscontrole te bepalen en zelf met eigen initiatieven op de proppen te komen... Als een vlucht van maatschappij X gekaapt wordt, zullen passagiers nadien wel twee maal nadenken voor ze die in de toekomst zullen gebruiken. De beste experimenten zullen tot de meest rendabele maatschappijen leiden, terwijl de mindere goden van het toneel zullen verdwijnen. Waarom laten we de ene niet experimenteren met vrij wapenbezit aan boord, de andere met de traditionele controles van vandaag? De juiste aanpak zal beloond worden, de rest verdwijnt. Het is immers niet omdat veiligheid aan boord van een vliegtuig een zeer kostbaar iets is dat we het niet aan de markt kunnen overlaten. Het is net omdat het zo waardevol is, dat we dat net wel moeten doen.
Dit opiniestuk van mij verscheen eveneens op de liberale metablogs "In Flanders Fields", "De Vrijspreker" en "Het Vrije Volk".
Meer teksten van Becky Ackers vind je op www.lewrockwell.com.
Ik erger mij al jaren aan de blinde kruistocht van seculier links tegen bepaalde Christelijke tradities van het Westen zoals Kerstmis, Pasen of de simpele vaststelling dat het Christendom en de brede Judeo-Christelijke waarden de Westerse mens gemaakt hebben tot wat hij vandaag de dag is. In de Europese Grondwet mocht geen verwijzing naar God of de religieuze onderbouw van het Europese continent staan, en ook in het Verdrag van Lissabon kon er daar geen sprake van zijn. Nochtans is het gewoon een empirisch-historische vaststelling dat wij in het Westen vandaag enkel vrij en welvarend zijn omdat onze sterke religieuze waarden zich daartoe geleend hebben.
De ontkerstening van West-Europa mag in linkse nihilistische middens dan wel bejubeld worden, toch dwalen zij en verworden zij zo tot de doodgravers van onze beschavingsvorm. Voor het eerst in jaren besliste ik dan ook om mij resoluut tegen de "War on Christmas" te keren en, in tegenstelling tot de grootmufti van Washington, ene Barack Obama, voor een sterk Christelijk geïnspireerde kerstkaart te kiezen. Niet omdat ik mijn leven naar de strikte voorschriften uit de Bijbel wil gaan leven, maar wel als erkenning van de Christelijke onderbouw van onze moderne democratische rechtsstaat. De kritieken van enkele "liberale" kennissen op mijn kerstkaart sprak in dat opzicht boekdelen.
Zij ontkennen bijvoorbeeld deze magistrale uitspraak van de libertarische columnist Charles Murray: "It was the transmutation of the classical liberal intellectual foundation by Christianity that gave modern Europe its impetus and that pushed European accomplishment so far ahead of all other cultures and civilizations around the world." Of de bevindingen van de liberale econoom Gary North. Die maakte zelfs een gedetailleerde economische analyse van de Bijbel in maar liefst tien volumes en kwam tot de conclusie in zijn "Journal of Christian Economics" dat de Bijbel de basis van kapitalisme en overheidsloos samenleven zou uitdragen.
Het is voor liberalen ook schitterend om een sociale orde te kennen die al duizenden jaren vlekkeloos weet te functioneren met amper tien geboden. Het mag dan eigenlijk ook niemand verbazen dat veel échte liberalen en libertariërs godsdienst en de Christelijke leer wel omarmen in hun opvattingen en publicaties. Vele Europese "liberalen" verheerlijken de Franse Revolutie maar zij dwalen. Er was immers niets liberaal aan die revolutie. De almacht van de monarch werd gewoon vervangen door de almacht van de Staat, en daar zien we tot op vandaag in West-Europa nog steeds de desastreuze gevolgen van.
De Staat heeft over de jaren meer en meer de controle over bepaalde maatschappelijke projecten overgenomen van religieuze instanties tot destructie van die projecten. Denk maar aan het onderwijs van Quebec. De Verenigde Staten en het Verenigd Koninkrijk, waar de Staat niet zo ontploft is als bij ons en waar privé-initiatief nog steeds bestaat, tonen ons dat godsdienst en liberalisme wel degelijk hand in hand kunnen gaan. Ron Paul scoorde niet voor niets beduidend beter in Christelijke gebieden dan in seculiere "progressieve" regio's, en in het Verenigd Koninkrijk zien we hetzelfde stramien voor de Tories van David Cameron.
UGent-professor Frank Van Dun sprak enkele jaren geleden op een gespreksavond in Leuven zelfs over de noodzakelijkheid van een religieuze grondslag om tot een ware vrije samenleving te kunnen komen. Volgens hem beperkt het geloof in een God - en dus de gedachte aan of vrees voor diens oordeel post mortem - de macht van de leiders op drastische wijze. Zij weten immers dat ook hun macht ondergeschikt is aan iets hogers. Andere libertariërs, zoals zij die zich onder de vleugels van Benjamin Harnwell verenigd hebben in het "Dignitatis Humanae Institute", verwijzen dan weer naar God om de onaanraakbaarheid van de menselijke waardigheid (intrinsieke vrijheid van handelen) te betonneren.
Volgens mij is een Christelijk réveil voor Europa niet enkel wenselijk, maar ook écht noodzakelijk. Terwijl Europa aan het slapen was en we druk bezig waren met de verheffing van het multi-nihilisme tot officiële staatsgodsdienst, is er zich in het Avondland een rampzalige evolutie voltrokken. Ondertussen werd het van kerk en kruis ontdane Europa op korte tijd immers letterlijk overspoeld door een vijandige godsdienst die zich helemaal niet schaamt over haar eigenheid en zelfs bereid is om haar levensbeschouwing met geweld uit te dragen. Het minarettenreferendum in Zwitserland schudde iedereen misschien wel even wakker, maar het schrijnende gebrek aan actiebereidheid bij onze leiders in de nasleep ervan is eigenlijk toch niet meteen geruststellend te noemen.
Paul Beliën stelde op de "Brussels Journal" zelfs dat de massamigratie een bewuste zet van etatisten en linkse demagogen zou geweest zijn om de liberaal-conservatieve autochtone bevolking die zich té kritisch begon op te stellen te vervangen door een aan uitkeringen verslaafd slavenvolk van onderontwikkelde allochtonen. Gewezen Eurocommissaris Frits Bolkestein wijdde aan de problematiek van islamitische massamigratie ook een gasttribune in "De Volkskrant". Daarin trok hij van leer tegen de omgekeerde integratie die links in West-Europa vooropgesteld heeft waarbij mosliminwijkelingen mogen doen wat ze willen, op kosten van de autochtone belastingbetalers, en waarbij de etnische Europeanen hun kop moeten houden op straffe van politiek-correcte inquisitie.
Ondertussen worden de Christelijke ingezetenen van West-Europa dhimmi's in hun eigen land en kosten de nieuwkomers de autochtonen miljarden euro's per jaar. En dat allemaal omdat wij onze eigen religieuze wortels vergeten hebben, omdat wij laks zijn geworden als het op onze eigen cultuur aankomt en omdat wij naïef blijven geloven dat de islam zich wel vrijwillig aan ons multi-nihilisme zal gaan conformeren. Ik vrees dan ook dat het bijna nacht is voor het Avondland, een zwarte nacht zonder nieuwe ochtend wel te verstaan. Want, om de Duitse atheïstische filosoof Friedrich Nietzsche even te parafraseren, wat kunnen de door moslimmigranten gekraakte kerken anders zijn dan de graftomben van de dode Christengod en de teloorgegane Westerse beschaving?
Dit opinieartikel van mij verscheen ook elders op het Internet.
Meer over het Christelijk liberalisme op www.wikipedia.org.
De ontkerstening van West-Europa mag in linkse nihilistische middens dan wel bejubeld worden, toch dwalen zij en verworden zij zo tot de doodgravers van onze beschavingsvorm. Voor het eerst in jaren besliste ik dan ook om mij resoluut tegen de "War on Christmas" te keren en, in tegenstelling tot de grootmufti van Washington, ene Barack Obama, voor een sterk Christelijk geïnspireerde kerstkaart te kiezen. Niet omdat ik mijn leven naar de strikte voorschriften uit de Bijbel wil gaan leven, maar wel als erkenning van de Christelijke onderbouw van onze moderne democratische rechtsstaat. De kritieken van enkele "liberale" kennissen op mijn kerstkaart sprak in dat opzicht boekdelen.
Zij ontkennen bijvoorbeeld deze magistrale uitspraak van de libertarische columnist Charles Murray: "It was the transmutation of the classical liberal intellectual foundation by Christianity that gave modern Europe its impetus and that pushed European accomplishment so far ahead of all other cultures and civilizations around the world." Of de bevindingen van de liberale econoom Gary North. Die maakte zelfs een gedetailleerde economische analyse van de Bijbel in maar liefst tien volumes en kwam tot de conclusie in zijn "Journal of Christian Economics" dat de Bijbel de basis van kapitalisme en overheidsloos samenleven zou uitdragen.
Het is voor liberalen ook schitterend om een sociale orde te kennen die al duizenden jaren vlekkeloos weet te functioneren met amper tien geboden. Het mag dan eigenlijk ook niemand verbazen dat veel échte liberalen en libertariërs godsdienst en de Christelijke leer wel omarmen in hun opvattingen en publicaties. Vele Europese "liberalen" verheerlijken de Franse Revolutie maar zij dwalen. Er was immers niets liberaal aan die revolutie. De almacht van de monarch werd gewoon vervangen door de almacht van de Staat, en daar zien we tot op vandaag in West-Europa nog steeds de desastreuze gevolgen van.
De Staat heeft over de jaren meer en meer de controle over bepaalde maatschappelijke projecten overgenomen van religieuze instanties tot destructie van die projecten. Denk maar aan het onderwijs van Quebec. De Verenigde Staten en het Verenigd Koninkrijk, waar de Staat niet zo ontploft is als bij ons en waar privé-initiatief nog steeds bestaat, tonen ons dat godsdienst en liberalisme wel degelijk hand in hand kunnen gaan. Ron Paul scoorde niet voor niets beduidend beter in Christelijke gebieden dan in seculiere "progressieve" regio's, en in het Verenigd Koninkrijk zien we hetzelfde stramien voor de Tories van David Cameron.
UGent-professor Frank Van Dun sprak enkele jaren geleden op een gespreksavond in Leuven zelfs over de noodzakelijkheid van een religieuze grondslag om tot een ware vrije samenleving te kunnen komen. Volgens hem beperkt het geloof in een God - en dus de gedachte aan of vrees voor diens oordeel post mortem - de macht van de leiders op drastische wijze. Zij weten immers dat ook hun macht ondergeschikt is aan iets hogers. Andere libertariërs, zoals zij die zich onder de vleugels van Benjamin Harnwell verenigd hebben in het "Dignitatis Humanae Institute", verwijzen dan weer naar God om de onaanraakbaarheid van de menselijke waardigheid (intrinsieke vrijheid van handelen) te betonneren.
Volgens mij is een Christelijk réveil voor Europa niet enkel wenselijk, maar ook écht noodzakelijk. Terwijl Europa aan het slapen was en we druk bezig waren met de verheffing van het multi-nihilisme tot officiële staatsgodsdienst, is er zich in het Avondland een rampzalige evolutie voltrokken. Ondertussen werd het van kerk en kruis ontdane Europa op korte tijd immers letterlijk overspoeld door een vijandige godsdienst die zich helemaal niet schaamt over haar eigenheid en zelfs bereid is om haar levensbeschouwing met geweld uit te dragen. Het minarettenreferendum in Zwitserland schudde iedereen misschien wel even wakker, maar het schrijnende gebrek aan actiebereidheid bij onze leiders in de nasleep ervan is eigenlijk toch niet meteen geruststellend te noemen.
Paul Beliën stelde op de "Brussels Journal" zelfs dat de massamigratie een bewuste zet van etatisten en linkse demagogen zou geweest zijn om de liberaal-conservatieve autochtone bevolking die zich té kritisch begon op te stellen te vervangen door een aan uitkeringen verslaafd slavenvolk van onderontwikkelde allochtonen. Gewezen Eurocommissaris Frits Bolkestein wijdde aan de problematiek van islamitische massamigratie ook een gasttribune in "De Volkskrant". Daarin trok hij van leer tegen de omgekeerde integratie die links in West-Europa vooropgesteld heeft waarbij mosliminwijkelingen mogen doen wat ze willen, op kosten van de autochtone belastingbetalers, en waarbij de etnische Europeanen hun kop moeten houden op straffe van politiek-correcte inquisitie.
Ondertussen worden de Christelijke ingezetenen van West-Europa dhimmi's in hun eigen land en kosten de nieuwkomers de autochtonen miljarden euro's per jaar. En dat allemaal omdat wij onze eigen religieuze wortels vergeten hebben, omdat wij laks zijn geworden als het op onze eigen cultuur aankomt en omdat wij naïef blijven geloven dat de islam zich wel vrijwillig aan ons multi-nihilisme zal gaan conformeren. Ik vrees dan ook dat het bijna nacht is voor het Avondland, een zwarte nacht zonder nieuwe ochtend wel te verstaan. Want, om de Duitse atheïstische filosoof Friedrich Nietzsche even te parafraseren, wat kunnen de door moslimmigranten gekraakte kerken anders zijn dan de graftomben van de dode Christengod en de teloorgegane Westerse beschaving?
Dit opinieartikel van mij verscheen ook elders op het Internet.
Meer over het Christelijk liberalisme op www.wikipedia.org.
>> Islam, Nederlands, Persoonlijk, Zingeving
Henry Hazlitt, one of the great popularisers of free-market thinking, once said that good ideas have to be relearned in every generation. This is certainly true of good ideas about business. A generation ago Margaret Thatcher and Ronald Reagan did an excellent job of making the case in favour of business. Today it looks as though the case needs to be made all over again. It is not surprising that business has fallen from grace in recent years. The credit crunch almost plunged the world into depression. The new century began with the implosion of Enron and other firms. Some bosses pay themselves like princes while preaching austerity to their workers. Business titans who once graced the covers of magazines have been hauled before Congress or carted off to prison.
Business people have been at pains to point out that it is unfair to judge all of their kind by the misdeeds of a few. The credit crunch was the handiwork of bankers -- who lent too much money -- and policymakers -- who fooled themselves into thinking that they had abolished boom and bust. Corporate criminals like WorldCom’s Bernie Ebbers and Tyco’s Denis Kozlowski were imprisoned for their crimes. Avaricious bosses like Angelo Mozilo, who pocketed more than $550m during his inglorious reign at Countrywide, are exceptions. The average American boss is actually paid less today than he was in 2000. This is all true enough but hardly sets the blood racing. More ambitious defenders of business have advanced two arguments. The first is that many firms are devoted to good works. They routinely trumpet their passionate commitment not just to their various stakeholders -- such as workers and suppliers -- but to the planet at large. Timberland puts “green index” labels on all its shoes. Pfizer and GlaxoSmithKline make HIV drugs available at cost to millions of Africans. Starbucks buys more Fairtrade coffee than all governments combined.
The second argument is more hard-headed: that businesses have done more than any other institutions to advance prosperity, turning the luxuries of the rich, such as cars a century ago and computers today, into goods for the masses. General Electric’s aircraft engines transport 660 million people a year and its imaging machines scan 230 million patients. Wal-Mart’s “everyday low prices” save Americans at least $50 billion a year. The problem with the first argument is that it smacks of appeasement. Advocates of corporate social responsibility suggest that business has something to apologise for, and thus encourage its critics to find ever more to complain about. Crocodiles never go away if you feed them. The problem with the second argument is that it does not go far enough. It focuses exclusively on material well-being, and so fails to engage with people’s moral qualms about business.
This is doubly regrettable. It is regrettable because it has allowed critics of business to dominate the discussion of corporate morality. For all too many people it is now taken as a given that companies promote greed, crush creativity and monopolise power. And it is regrettable because it has deprived the business world of three rather better arguments in its defence. The first is that business is a remarkable exercise in co-operation. For all the talk of competition “red in tooth and claw”, companies in fact depend on persuading large numbers of people -- workers and bosses, shareholders and suppliers -- to work together to a common end. This involves getting lots of strangers to trust each other. It also increasingly involves stretching that trust across borders and cultures. Apple’s iPod is not just a miracle of design. It is also a miracle of co-operation, teaming Californian designers with Chinese manufacturers and salespeople in all corners of the earth. It is worth remembering that the word “company” is derived from the Latin words “cum” and “pane” -- meaning “breaking bread together”.
Another rejoinder is that business is an exercise in creativity. Business people do not just invent clever products that solve nagging problems, from phones that can link fishermen in India with nearby markets to devices that can provide insulin to diabetics without painful injections. They also create organisations that manufacture these products and then distribute them about the world. Nandan Nilekani from Infosys put the case for business as well as anyone when he said that the computer-services giant’s greatest achievement was not its $2 billion in annual revenue but the fact that it had taught his fellow Indians to “redefine the possible”. A third defence is that business helps maintain political pluralism. Anti-capitalists are fond of arguing that companies account for half of the world’s 100 biggest economies. But this argument not only depends on the abuse of statistics, comparing corporate turnover with GDP. It also rests on ignorance of the pressures of business life.
Companies have a difficult enough job staying alive, let alone engaging in a “silent takeover” of the state. Only 202 of the 500 biggest companies in America in 1980 were still in existence 20 years later. Anti-capitalists actually have it upside down. Companies actually prevent each other from gaining too much power, and also act as a check on State power that would otherwise be running the economy. The proportion of the world’s governments that can reasonably be called democratic has increased from 40% in 1980, when the pro-business revolution began, to more than 60% today. Most hard-headed business people are no doubt reluctant to make these arguments. They are more concerned with balancing their books than with engaging in worthy debates about freedom and democracy. But they would do well to become a bit less reticent: the price of silence will be an ever more hostile public and ever more overbearing government.
Dit opiniestuk van Schumpeter verscheen eerst in "The Economist".
Meer columns van deze econoom op www.economist.com.
Business people have been at pains to point out that it is unfair to judge all of their kind by the misdeeds of a few. The credit crunch was the handiwork of bankers -- who lent too much money -- and policymakers -- who fooled themselves into thinking that they had abolished boom and bust. Corporate criminals like WorldCom’s Bernie Ebbers and Tyco’s Denis Kozlowski were imprisoned for their crimes. Avaricious bosses like Angelo Mozilo, who pocketed more than $550m during his inglorious reign at Countrywide, are exceptions. The average American boss is actually paid less today than he was in 2000. This is all true enough but hardly sets the blood racing. More ambitious defenders of business have advanced two arguments. The first is that many firms are devoted to good works. They routinely trumpet their passionate commitment not just to their various stakeholders -- such as workers and suppliers -- but to the planet at large. Timberland puts “green index” labels on all its shoes. Pfizer and GlaxoSmithKline make HIV drugs available at cost to millions of Africans. Starbucks buys more Fairtrade coffee than all governments combined.
The second argument is more hard-headed: that businesses have done more than any other institutions to advance prosperity, turning the luxuries of the rich, such as cars a century ago and computers today, into goods for the masses. General Electric’s aircraft engines transport 660 million people a year and its imaging machines scan 230 million patients. Wal-Mart’s “everyday low prices” save Americans at least $50 billion a year. The problem with the first argument is that it smacks of appeasement. Advocates of corporate social responsibility suggest that business has something to apologise for, and thus encourage its critics to find ever more to complain about. Crocodiles never go away if you feed them. The problem with the second argument is that it does not go far enough. It focuses exclusively on material well-being, and so fails to engage with people’s moral qualms about business.
This is doubly regrettable. It is regrettable because it has allowed critics of business to dominate the discussion of corporate morality. For all too many people it is now taken as a given that companies promote greed, crush creativity and monopolise power. And it is regrettable because it has deprived the business world of three rather better arguments in its defence. The first is that business is a remarkable exercise in co-operation. For all the talk of competition “red in tooth and claw”, companies in fact depend on persuading large numbers of people -- workers and bosses, shareholders and suppliers -- to work together to a common end. This involves getting lots of strangers to trust each other. It also increasingly involves stretching that trust across borders and cultures. Apple’s iPod is not just a miracle of design. It is also a miracle of co-operation, teaming Californian designers with Chinese manufacturers and salespeople in all corners of the earth. It is worth remembering that the word “company” is derived from the Latin words “cum” and “pane” -- meaning “breaking bread together”.
Another rejoinder is that business is an exercise in creativity. Business people do not just invent clever products that solve nagging problems, from phones that can link fishermen in India with nearby markets to devices that can provide insulin to diabetics without painful injections. They also create organisations that manufacture these products and then distribute them about the world. Nandan Nilekani from Infosys put the case for business as well as anyone when he said that the computer-services giant’s greatest achievement was not its $2 billion in annual revenue but the fact that it had taught his fellow Indians to “redefine the possible”. A third defence is that business helps maintain political pluralism. Anti-capitalists are fond of arguing that companies account for half of the world’s 100 biggest economies. But this argument not only depends on the abuse of statistics, comparing corporate turnover with GDP. It also rests on ignorance of the pressures of business life.
Companies have a difficult enough job staying alive, let alone engaging in a “silent takeover” of the state. Only 202 of the 500 biggest companies in America in 1980 were still in existence 20 years later. Anti-capitalists actually have it upside down. Companies actually prevent each other from gaining too much power, and also act as a check on State power that would otherwise be running the economy. The proportion of the world’s governments that can reasonably be called democratic has increased from 40% in 1980, when the pro-business revolution began, to more than 60% today. Most hard-headed business people are no doubt reluctant to make these arguments. They are more concerned with balancing their books than with engaging in worthy debates about freedom and democracy. But they would do well to become a bit less reticent: the price of silence will be an ever more hostile public and ever more overbearing government.
Dit opiniestuk van Schumpeter verscheen eerst in "The Economist".
Meer columns van deze econoom op www.economist.com.
>> Economie, English, Liberalisme
Ook al ben en blijf ik economisch zéér liberaal van opvatting en sta ik geheel afkerig tegenover staatsinterventie in de economie, toch gebiedt mij de eerlijkheid u te zeggen dat niet alle vormen van "interventie" tijdens de laatste kredietcrisis even slecht waren of hadden kunnen geweest zijn. Het was professor William Quirk van de University of South Carolina die in het jongste nummer van "Chronicles" teruggreep naar begin 2009 en zijn eigen alternatief voorstel van toen. Quirk stoelde dit beleidsvoorstel op het onderzoek van econome Anna Schwartz. Zij stond dicht bij Milton Friedman en diens Chicago School, en geldt tot op vandaag nog steeds als één van Amerika's grootste autoriteiten op vlak van monetair beleid.
De oplossing die Quirk hier voorstelt, lijkt me inderdaad hout te snijden. Ook sluit zij perfect aan bij wat enkele vrienden die momenteel in Londen en New York voor Goldman Sachs en Merril Lynch werken mij voortdurend zijn blijven voorhouden. De grote investeringsbanken hadden helemaal geen liquiditeitsproblemen en hun balance-sheets stelden helemaal geen noemenswaardige problemen. Daarbij hadden zij enorme buffers opgebouwd om zelfs als alle investeringen zouden mislukken, ze nog in leven konden blijven, maar het vertrouwen tussen de banken was weg en het waren de irreële angsten van elkaars portfolio's die uiteindelijk de crisis veroorzaakten en de overheid deden tussenkomen.
Het bewijs is er. Noch Goldman Sachs noch Merril Lynch hebben de "bail-out" gelden gebruikt, en zodra het vertrouwen teruggekeerd was, hebben ze dat onmiddellijk mét torenhoge interesten aan de Amerikaanse staat teruggestort. Deze ganse operatie had dus niet moeten gebeuren had men in den beginne maar naar William Quirk of Anne Schwartz geluisterd. Daarenboven ben ik er zelf ook nog niet volledig van overtuigd dat de vijf grote banken noodzakelijkerwijze door de overheid voor zo'n "alle kaarten op tafel" bespreking geconvoceerd hadden moeten worden. Allevijf hadden ze dezelfde problemen en allevijf kenden ze de oorzaken. Zonder Vadertje Staat om de hoek zouden die het vertrouwensprobleem ook eigenhandig opgelost hebben. Vrijwillig en marktconform. Alleen zal datzelfde Vadertje Staat zo'n experiment nu net nooit laten gebeuren.
Dit opiniestuk van mij verscheen eveneens op de liberale metablogs "In Flanders Fields", "Het Vrije Volk" en "De Vrijspreker".
Meer artikels van William Quirk op www.chronicles.org.
Ben Bernanke believed the market needed more liquidity and acted to provide lots of it. But, according to economist Anna Schwartz, liquidity is not the problem: “The real problem was that because of the mysterious new instruments that investors had acquired, no one knew which firms were solvent or what their assets were worth.” Indeed, we still don’t know. But the solution, if Schwartz is right, didn’t require any money; it only required transparency and a little candor. The solution was to invite the five big banks to the Fed or Treasury and ask them to come clean about their derivative liabilities. (...) Something similar was done by the Fed in 1998 to pressure the creditor banks to save the hedge fund giant Long-Term Capital Management (LTCM) in the 1990s. Then the banks could cancel some deals. Investors - and other banks - could see what bets had been made and who was solvent. The bankrupt banks would be shut. Our current period, the time of the walking dead, would be avoided. The only problem with this approach is that it required full disclosure: Some would have had to admit they were bust.
De oplossing die Quirk hier voorstelt, lijkt me inderdaad hout te snijden. Ook sluit zij perfect aan bij wat enkele vrienden die momenteel in Londen en New York voor Goldman Sachs en Merril Lynch werken mij voortdurend zijn blijven voorhouden. De grote investeringsbanken hadden helemaal geen liquiditeitsproblemen en hun balance-sheets stelden helemaal geen noemenswaardige problemen. Daarbij hadden zij enorme buffers opgebouwd om zelfs als alle investeringen zouden mislukken, ze nog in leven konden blijven, maar het vertrouwen tussen de banken was weg en het waren de irreële angsten van elkaars portfolio's die uiteindelijk de crisis veroorzaakten en de overheid deden tussenkomen.
Het bewijs is er. Noch Goldman Sachs noch Merril Lynch hebben de "bail-out" gelden gebruikt, en zodra het vertrouwen teruggekeerd was, hebben ze dat onmiddellijk mét torenhoge interesten aan de Amerikaanse staat teruggestort. Deze ganse operatie had dus niet moeten gebeuren had men in den beginne maar naar William Quirk of Anne Schwartz geluisterd. Daarenboven ben ik er zelf ook nog niet volledig van overtuigd dat de vijf grote banken noodzakelijkerwijze door de overheid voor zo'n "alle kaarten op tafel" bespreking geconvoceerd hadden moeten worden. Allevijf hadden ze dezelfde problemen en allevijf kenden ze de oorzaken. Zonder Vadertje Staat om de hoek zouden die het vertrouwensprobleem ook eigenhandig opgelost hebben. Vrijwillig en marktconform. Alleen zal datzelfde Vadertje Staat zo'n experiment nu net nooit laten gebeuren.
Dit opiniestuk van mij verscheen eveneens op de liberale metablogs "In Flanders Fields", "Het Vrije Volk" en "De Vrijspreker".
Meer artikels van William Quirk op www.chronicles.org.
Hedge funds are controversial these days. Though it is unlikely that the average citizen or parliamentarian could say just what hedge funds do, many are certain they must be reined in by additional regulation because they can cause widespread damage to our financial system and economy. Almost everyone takes it for granted that regulation of some sort is the solution, ignoring the possibility that at least some of the problems are actually caused by regulation. And what constitutes a hedge fund anyway? The name implies hedging, a strategy that reduces risk. If you bet on several horses in a race, you are hedging your bets, spreading your risk. You can buy gold to hedge against inflation. You can sell interest-rate futures to hedge the risk that rising interest rates would pose to your bond portfolio.
The first hedge fund was created in 1949 by Alfred Jones. He believed he could pick stocks that would outperform and those that would underperform the overall market. But Jones did not know where the overall market was going, so he would buy his expected outperformers and sell short the expected underperformers. He thereby insulated his portfolio from general market moves, which would affect about half his holding positively and half negatively. Most present-day hedge funds don’t do much hedging, but the name persists. Instead, they engage in a bewildering variety of trading methods, including buying on margin -- using borrowed funds -- and selling short -- selling borrowed assets so as to profit from a price drop. They trade stocks, bonds, options, currencies, commodity futures, and sophisticated derivatives thereof. Some try to anticipate global political or economic events, while others seek opportunities in specific industries or companies.
Hedge funds are like mutual funds in some ways. A mutual fund sells shares to investors and uses the proceeds to buy stocks or bonds (usually). A fund’s income and realized capital gains are distributed to shareholders, while unrealized capital gains are reflected in higher mutual fund share prices. Like mutual funds, hedge funds are typically open-ended, meaning they can sell shares to new investors from time to time or repurchase them from existing shareholders. There the resemblance ends. Anyone can buy mutual fund shares, but hedge fund shares are generally available only to “qualified investors,” defined by an annual income of at least $200,000 and financial assets of $1,000,000. Withdrawals of capital are only permitted at limited times. Shares cannot be offered or advertised to the general public, which can be an advantage because it may make investors feel that they are gaining entrée into an exclusive club.
Hedge fund managers are more lightly regulated than mutual fund managers. They are allowed to charge performance-based fees, for example, which is forbidden to mutual fund managers. Though management fees vary widely, hedge fund managers typically retain 20 percent of any gains. This gives them some “skin in the game,” which presumably motivates them to do well for their investors. However, they do not share in fund losses. Hedge funds typically charge short-term redemption fees to discourage short-term trading and maintain a stable asset base. Perhaps the biggest difference between the two fund classes is that hedge funds are free to take very large risks, while mutual fund managers are constrained against “excessive” risk-taking.
Long Term Capital Management (LTCM) was a hedge fund that collapsed in spectacular fashion in 1998. The immediate cause was the Russian bond default, but, more fundamentally, LTCM relied too much on sophisticated computer models and extreme use of leverage, meaning almost all its capital was borrowed. When the Russian government defaulted on its bonds, it set off a chain of events that LTCM’s models had indicated was essentially impossible. These events produced huge losses that took the fund to the brink of default, threatening big losses for its lenders, including some of the largest and most influential New York banks. So the Federal Reserve Bank of New York came to the rescue, arranging a $3.6 billion bailout, a sum that seems quaint by today’s bailout standards. The same “systemic risk” argument that we hear today went around then: A default on those loans, it was said, would be an intolerable shock to the financial system. “Too big to fail” was the reason; “too well-connected” was perhaps more accurate.
Even though the fund eventually recovered without losses to the bailout guarantors, the LTCM failure represents a missed -- and golden -- opportunity. Had the fund been allowed to fail, and had the big banks taken their losses, it would have struck some well-deserved fear into the hearts of fund managers, investors, and especially bankers. Our current financial crisis might have been less severe as a result. LTCM was very secretive about its strategies, and the bankers who loaned money to the fund likely knew next to nothing about what LTCM was doing with it until it was too late. They were awestruck by the reputations of the LTCM partners, two of whom had shared the 1997 Nobel Prize in economics. Had LTCM been allowed to go under, its example would have tempered risky behavior by others. If uninsured depositors at these banks had also lost money, they too would have gotten a valuable wakeup call. Instead, a brick was added to the “Greenspan put.” It said: Go ahead and take risks. If you win you collect the profits. If you lose, we will cover you.
Is it wise to take high risks as hedge funds do? For most people, no. For those whose resources are large enough that they can afford to lose some capital and who enjoy the thrill of the chase, perhaps yes. We all have different temperaments and different circumstances. A free society respects these differences and does not stop its members from taking risks nor shield them from the consequences. As long as there is no fraud, hedge funds, like other market participants, produce social benefits. They provide market liquidity, the lubrication that makes markets work well. Successful funds help move capital to where it is most needed and help move prices in anticipation of future events. Unsuccessful funds go out of business sooner or later, and investors in failed funds learn to be more careful about whom they select to handle their money. But regulation brings unintended consequences, many of them harmful to the people they are supposed to protect. Absent regulation, no separate category called hedge funds, distinct from mutual funds, would exist.
Unfortunately, in January the President’s Economic Recovery Advisory Board, headed by Paul Volcker, called for registration of hedge funds and public disclosure of their holdings. Fund managers will likely resist disclosure, which can damage their mystique and invite free riders. The board report addressed not only hedge funds but also any other “systemically significant” financial institution of any type, and the criteria by which systemic significance is to be judged were left vague. To their credit the board members recognized that “a modest system of registration and regulation can create a false impression of lower investment risk.” The U.S. Hedge Fund Transparency Act was introduced shortly after the report was released. It has been in committee ever since. It would cover private equity funds and venture capital funds along with hedge funds. Market participants will very likely find ways to get around any new regulation or to co-opt it, as they generally do.
Business regulation almost invariably starts with wide popular support. Most people assume big business must be restrained lest it run roughshod over the little guy. But often, as in the Progressive Era a century ago, it is big business that actually promotes regulation, expecting it to put smaller competitors or would-be competitors at a disadvantage. Often regulators start out conscientiously dedicated to their jobs, but over time familiarity can transform them into advocates for those they regulate. Hedge fund regulation is no different. Why are people of modest means forbidden to buy hedge fund shares? The presumption is that they lack the knowledge and sophistication necessary for intelligent risk-taking. Common folk must be protected from themselves, lest they get in over their heads. After all, we can’t have people gambling their rent money. Unless, of course, they are gambling on state lottery tickets. The regulation that was supposed to protect small investors actually protects large investors by locking out their smaller competition.
The prohibition on advertising by hedge funds -- or other “private placements” -- blocks potentially useful information. It is harder for managers and investors to find each other when important information is, in effect, censored. Middlemen, such as financial planners or trust officers, are left to fill the gap, which they do relatively inefficiently. The rule forbidding mutual fund managers to charge performance-based fees again hurts the little guy by denying access to performance-motivated managers. It also drives up the fees that hedge fund managers can charge by shielding them from mutual fund competition in this respect. Thus both hedge fund investors and mutual fund investors come out on the short end of this regulation. Regulators sometimes fail to catch the bad guys, e.g. Bernie Madoff, but they often destroy good guys as well.
Art Samberg has enjoyed a long career as a successful stock-picker. By 2001 he and a colleague had built Pequot Capital Management into the largest hedge fund in the world, riding the technology wave up and later shorting it on the way down. In 2001 the Securities and Exchange Commission began investigating the firm for insider trading, but no charges were ever filed and Samberg strenuously denies any wrong-doing. Guilty or not, by last May the bad publicity had taken such a toll that Samberg announced he would shortly liquidate his fund—sell all its holdings and return cash to the shareholders. Whether insider trading is something that should really be forbidden is a subject for another time. Regulation has many other drawbacks. But a badly neglected one is that government-imposed minimum standards tend to become maximum standards. People take less care to understand what they are getting into with a regulated investment because they assume that regulators have diligently vetted the offerings. All firms getting a pass from the regulators tend to be treated alike. That is when trouble begins.
Dit artikel van economieprofessor Warren Gibson verscheen eerst in het FEE-maandblad "The Freeman - Ideas on Liberty".
Meer opinieteksten van deze auteur op www.thefreeman.org.
The first hedge fund was created in 1949 by Alfred Jones. He believed he could pick stocks that would outperform and those that would underperform the overall market. But Jones did not know where the overall market was going, so he would buy his expected outperformers and sell short the expected underperformers. He thereby insulated his portfolio from general market moves, which would affect about half his holding positively and half negatively. Most present-day hedge funds don’t do much hedging, but the name persists. Instead, they engage in a bewildering variety of trading methods, including buying on margin -- using borrowed funds -- and selling short -- selling borrowed assets so as to profit from a price drop. They trade stocks, bonds, options, currencies, commodity futures, and sophisticated derivatives thereof. Some try to anticipate global political or economic events, while others seek opportunities in specific industries or companies.
Hedge funds are like mutual funds in some ways. A mutual fund sells shares to investors and uses the proceeds to buy stocks or bonds (usually). A fund’s income and realized capital gains are distributed to shareholders, while unrealized capital gains are reflected in higher mutual fund share prices. Like mutual funds, hedge funds are typically open-ended, meaning they can sell shares to new investors from time to time or repurchase them from existing shareholders. There the resemblance ends. Anyone can buy mutual fund shares, but hedge fund shares are generally available only to “qualified investors,” defined by an annual income of at least $200,000 and financial assets of $1,000,000. Withdrawals of capital are only permitted at limited times. Shares cannot be offered or advertised to the general public, which can be an advantage because it may make investors feel that they are gaining entrée into an exclusive club.
Hedge fund managers are more lightly regulated than mutual fund managers. They are allowed to charge performance-based fees, for example, which is forbidden to mutual fund managers. Though management fees vary widely, hedge fund managers typically retain 20 percent of any gains. This gives them some “skin in the game,” which presumably motivates them to do well for their investors. However, they do not share in fund losses. Hedge funds typically charge short-term redemption fees to discourage short-term trading and maintain a stable asset base. Perhaps the biggest difference between the two fund classes is that hedge funds are free to take very large risks, while mutual fund managers are constrained against “excessive” risk-taking.
Long Term Capital Management (LTCM) was a hedge fund that collapsed in spectacular fashion in 1998. The immediate cause was the Russian bond default, but, more fundamentally, LTCM relied too much on sophisticated computer models and extreme use of leverage, meaning almost all its capital was borrowed. When the Russian government defaulted on its bonds, it set off a chain of events that LTCM’s models had indicated was essentially impossible. These events produced huge losses that took the fund to the brink of default, threatening big losses for its lenders, including some of the largest and most influential New York banks. So the Federal Reserve Bank of New York came to the rescue, arranging a $3.6 billion bailout, a sum that seems quaint by today’s bailout standards. The same “systemic risk” argument that we hear today went around then: A default on those loans, it was said, would be an intolerable shock to the financial system. “Too big to fail” was the reason; “too well-connected” was perhaps more accurate.
Even though the fund eventually recovered without losses to the bailout guarantors, the LTCM failure represents a missed -- and golden -- opportunity. Had the fund been allowed to fail, and had the big banks taken their losses, it would have struck some well-deserved fear into the hearts of fund managers, investors, and especially bankers. Our current financial crisis might have been less severe as a result. LTCM was very secretive about its strategies, and the bankers who loaned money to the fund likely knew next to nothing about what LTCM was doing with it until it was too late. They were awestruck by the reputations of the LTCM partners, two of whom had shared the 1997 Nobel Prize in economics. Had LTCM been allowed to go under, its example would have tempered risky behavior by others. If uninsured depositors at these banks had also lost money, they too would have gotten a valuable wakeup call. Instead, a brick was added to the “Greenspan put.” It said: Go ahead and take risks. If you win you collect the profits. If you lose, we will cover you.
Is it wise to take high risks as hedge funds do? For most people, no. For those whose resources are large enough that they can afford to lose some capital and who enjoy the thrill of the chase, perhaps yes. We all have different temperaments and different circumstances. A free society respects these differences and does not stop its members from taking risks nor shield them from the consequences. As long as there is no fraud, hedge funds, like other market participants, produce social benefits. They provide market liquidity, the lubrication that makes markets work well. Successful funds help move capital to where it is most needed and help move prices in anticipation of future events. Unsuccessful funds go out of business sooner or later, and investors in failed funds learn to be more careful about whom they select to handle their money. But regulation brings unintended consequences, many of them harmful to the people they are supposed to protect. Absent regulation, no separate category called hedge funds, distinct from mutual funds, would exist.
Unfortunately, in January the President’s Economic Recovery Advisory Board, headed by Paul Volcker, called for registration of hedge funds and public disclosure of their holdings. Fund managers will likely resist disclosure, which can damage their mystique and invite free riders. The board report addressed not only hedge funds but also any other “systemically significant” financial institution of any type, and the criteria by which systemic significance is to be judged were left vague. To their credit the board members recognized that “a modest system of registration and regulation can create a false impression of lower investment risk.” The U.S. Hedge Fund Transparency Act was introduced shortly after the report was released. It has been in committee ever since. It would cover private equity funds and venture capital funds along with hedge funds. Market participants will very likely find ways to get around any new regulation or to co-opt it, as they generally do.
Business regulation almost invariably starts with wide popular support. Most people assume big business must be restrained lest it run roughshod over the little guy. But often, as in the Progressive Era a century ago, it is big business that actually promotes regulation, expecting it to put smaller competitors or would-be competitors at a disadvantage. Often regulators start out conscientiously dedicated to their jobs, but over time familiarity can transform them into advocates for those they regulate. Hedge fund regulation is no different. Why are people of modest means forbidden to buy hedge fund shares? The presumption is that they lack the knowledge and sophistication necessary for intelligent risk-taking. Common folk must be protected from themselves, lest they get in over their heads. After all, we can’t have people gambling their rent money. Unless, of course, they are gambling on state lottery tickets. The regulation that was supposed to protect small investors actually protects large investors by locking out their smaller competition.
The prohibition on advertising by hedge funds -- or other “private placements” -- blocks potentially useful information. It is harder for managers and investors to find each other when important information is, in effect, censored. Middlemen, such as financial planners or trust officers, are left to fill the gap, which they do relatively inefficiently. The rule forbidding mutual fund managers to charge performance-based fees again hurts the little guy by denying access to performance-motivated managers. It also drives up the fees that hedge fund managers can charge by shielding them from mutual fund competition in this respect. Thus both hedge fund investors and mutual fund investors come out on the short end of this regulation. Regulators sometimes fail to catch the bad guys, e.g. Bernie Madoff, but they often destroy good guys as well.
Art Samberg has enjoyed a long career as a successful stock-picker. By 2001 he and a colleague had built Pequot Capital Management into the largest hedge fund in the world, riding the technology wave up and later shorting it on the way down. In 2001 the Securities and Exchange Commission began investigating the firm for insider trading, but no charges were ever filed and Samberg strenuously denies any wrong-doing. Guilty or not, by last May the bad publicity had taken such a toll that Samberg announced he would shortly liquidate his fund—sell all its holdings and return cash to the shareholders. Whether insider trading is something that should really be forbidden is a subject for another time. Regulation has many other drawbacks. But a badly neglected one is that government-imposed minimum standards tend to become maximum standards. People take less care to understand what they are getting into with a regulated investment because they assume that regulators have diligently vetted the offerings. All firms getting a pass from the regulators tend to be treated alike. That is when trouble begins.
Dit artikel van economieprofessor Warren Gibson verscheen eerst in het FEE-maandblad "The Freeman - Ideas on Liberty".
Meer opinieteksten van deze auteur op www.thefreeman.org.
"De klimaattop in Kopenhagen is uitgedraaid op een complete farce", aldus "Het Laatste Nieuws" vandaag. Het ging de politici in Kopenhagen immers helemaal niet om het redden van onze biosfeer, dat zouden ze toch niet eens gekund hebben, maar wel louter om hun gezicht te redden. Velen leggen de schuld voor deze enorme mislukking bij de gezanten die politieke spelletjes en geheime agenda's lieten primeren op visie en beleid. "Kopenhagen kreeg de chaotische en rampzalige anticlimax die het verdiende", aldus alweer "Het Laatste Nieuws". Ik ben het daar niet mee eens. Wetenschappers en economen van de vier windstreken moeten deze uitkomst op euforie onthaald hebben. Even leek het er immers op dat onze politici onze welvaart en levensstandaard zouden gaan opofferen om ecofascistoïde lobbygroepen of "one world"-extremisten te plezieren. Quod non dus. Het gezond verstand heeft weer getriomfeerd over geperverteerde wetenschap en gecorrumpeerde middenveldstructuren. De Ierse opiniemaker John McGuirk noemde dit terecht het Waterloo voor de groene beweging.
Dezelfde cryptocommunisten die in de jaren 1970 van de daken schreeuwden dat het klimaat aan het afkoelen was, maar later zagen dat het niet waar was. Dezelfde personen die in de jaren 1980 een kernoorlog en het einde van de wereld voorspelden, zonder dat zoiets ook maar enigszins het geval was. Dezelfde mensen die in de jaren 1990 van leer trokken tegen de globalisering, tot ze tot hun eigen grote scha en schande moesten toegeven dat de globalisering iedereen rijker gemaakt heeft. Die zelfde linksmensen trachten onze economie in de jaren 2000 opnieuw te nekken met deze klimaatnonsens. "Global warming" is nu hun nieuwe mantra, ook al is men het er over eens dat de aardetemperaturen de laatste tien jaar niet meer gestegen zijn. Een bezorgde huisvrouw die nog niet zo lang geleden "hot" was in de media heeft haar klimaatkap ondertussen ook al over de haag gegooid en is nu met "andere, meer belangrijke dingen" bezig. Het klimaat kan haar vandaag, nu haar vijftien minuten "fame" al lang voorbij zijn, niets meer schelen. Ze ligt er niet meer wakker van. Begrijpelijk.
Moesten de mogelijke gevolgen van de klimaatnonsens en de teloorgang van bepaalde normen van goed fatsoen niet dermate beangstigend zijn, ik zou met dit alles zelfs nog eens goed kunnen lachen. 45,000 "believers" die in Kopenhagen komen opdagen met een VN-invitatie op zak, maar met amper 15,000 zitjes voor handen, moesten duizenden mensen de conferentie vanop straat volgen. Jammer genoeg vonden deze hippies het dan leuk om rel te schoppen om hun verveling te doorbreken en moest de politie bijwijlen hardhandig optreden tegen dit links tuig. Lord Monckton, een notoir klimaatscepticus, moest het hier ook ontgelden. Hij had de keuze tussen gemolesteerd worden door de Deense politie of gelyncht worden door de klimaatextremisten, en koos voor het eerste. Dit UKIP-lid van het "House of Lords" werd, amper enkele luttele dagen nadat hij de klimaatgelovige relschoppers nog terecht als "Hitlerjeugd" afgedaan had, door de stormtroepen van de politieke correctheid neergeslagen. Als ode aan de verdraagzaamheid van pinko-links en haar handlangers kan dit weer tellen.
Twee weken geleden mocht Paul McCarthny zijn allernieuwste waanidee komen voorstellen in het Europees Parlement. Niet op uitnodiging van een communistisch of ecologistisch parlementslid, maar op die van de vice-voorzitter van het Europees Parlement zelf. McCarthny gelooft dat het consumeren van vlees bijdraagt tot de opwarming van de aarde. Hij wil dan ook vlees gaan verbieden (sic) te beginnen met één dag in de week. Er was een tijd, nog niet eens zo lang geleden, dat zulke ideeën terecht weggelachen werden en hun propageten terecht met pek en veren de stad uitgejaagd werden. Vandaag worden ze niet enkel gedoogd, ze krijgen zelfs een forum waar anderen alleen maar van kunnen dromen. De waanzin nabij, het avondland ligt op apegaten. En als dan een eenzame kruisvaarder deze nonsens met wetenschappelijk materiaal tracht te doorprikken, wordt hij door het establishment hiervoor gereprimeerd. Libertarisch EP-medewerker Benjamin Harnwell kan ervan meespreken. Hij waagde het om een video rond te sturen waarop John Coleman, de stichter van het "U.S. Weather Channel", manifest ontkent dat de mens verantwoordelijk zou zijn voor de klimaatsverandering. Zowel hij als zijn werkgever, Brits conservatief Europarlementslid Nirj Deva, werden hiervoor op het matje geroepen. Zogezegd niet omwille van de inhoud, maar omdat de interne EP-mailinglijsten niet daarvoor zouden dienen... Wij weten wel beter.
Phil Jones mag op kosten en met de steun van de Verenigde Nazi's rustig zijn statistieken vervalsen en als diens e-mails uitlekken met daarin niets dan wetenschappelijk bedrog en feitelijke leugens duurt het nog weken voor de pers er aandacht aan wil schenken. Vijf politici in Australië namen ontslag na het uitlekken van die e-mails, in het Amerikaanse Congres begonnen hoorzittingen, en fraudeur Phil Jones van het IPCC verdween officieel dan wel van het academische toneel, toch wist hij nog 15 miljoen EUR belastinggeld binnen te rijven voor zijn klimaatstudies. Vincent in wonderland. Echt wel. Verder worden gematigde sceptici zoals een Daniel Hannan, een Vaclav Klaus of een Roger Helmer afgedaan als radicale extremisten, "climate change deniers" en op één hoop geworpen met Holocaustontkenners en andere verwerpelijke kobolten. Nochtans zijn Helmers papers, Hannans blogteksten en Klaus' boek best interessant om lezen, net als onderzoeksjournalist James Dellingpole van "The Daily Telegraph" die de talrijke IPCC-schandalen van de laatste weken voor ons brak.
Gelukkig is er ook nog een beetje plaats voor satire in dit wansmakelijke verhaal van groteske vooroordelen, doortrapte leugens, ongeziene oneerlijkheid, hemeltergende hypocrisie en verborgen agenda's die niets of niemand schuwen om hun socialistische, ecologische, utopische heilstaat maar te kunnen stichten. Het filmpje hierboven van de EU-Referendumblog is daar een mooi voorbeeld van, net zoals de lijst van "100 zaken waarvoor je het klimaat de schuld kan geven" op de weblog van de "Heritage Foundation", of de pijnlijke vaststelling dat de overal te pas en te onpas verguisde Britse tabloids in deze zaak meer de waarheid gesproken hebben dan hun "kwaliteitsvolle" tegenhangers. Kopenhagen is dus een grote mislukking, en laat dit een reden om feesten zijn. Kijk, het klimaat is naar de knoppen, maar we hebben dit jaar wel voor het eerst sinds het midden van de jaren 1960 opnieuw een witte kerst... En geniet allemaal maar van de Kerstman want als het aan de groenen ligt, moet ook die dikke zuipende kapitalistische vervuiler er dra aan geloven! Boomknuffelaars van alle landen, op naar de volgende windmolen. In ganzenpas.
Dit artikel verscheen ook op de rechtse en libertarische metablogs "Het Vrije Volk", "De Vrijspreker" en "In Flanders Fields".
Meer over de heersende klimaatleugens op www.climatescam.com.
Dezelfde cryptocommunisten die in de jaren 1970 van de daken schreeuwden dat het klimaat aan het afkoelen was, maar later zagen dat het niet waar was. Dezelfde personen die in de jaren 1980 een kernoorlog en het einde van de wereld voorspelden, zonder dat zoiets ook maar enigszins het geval was. Dezelfde mensen die in de jaren 1990 van leer trokken tegen de globalisering, tot ze tot hun eigen grote scha en schande moesten toegeven dat de globalisering iedereen rijker gemaakt heeft. Die zelfde linksmensen trachten onze economie in de jaren 2000 opnieuw te nekken met deze klimaatnonsens. "Global warming" is nu hun nieuwe mantra, ook al is men het er over eens dat de aardetemperaturen de laatste tien jaar niet meer gestegen zijn. Een bezorgde huisvrouw die nog niet zo lang geleden "hot" was in de media heeft haar klimaatkap ondertussen ook al over de haag gegooid en is nu met "andere, meer belangrijke dingen" bezig. Het klimaat kan haar vandaag, nu haar vijftien minuten "fame" al lang voorbij zijn, niets meer schelen. Ze ligt er niet meer wakker van. Begrijpelijk.
Moesten de mogelijke gevolgen van de klimaatnonsens en de teloorgang van bepaalde normen van goed fatsoen niet dermate beangstigend zijn, ik zou met dit alles zelfs nog eens goed kunnen lachen. 45,000 "believers" die in Kopenhagen komen opdagen met een VN-invitatie op zak, maar met amper 15,000 zitjes voor handen, moesten duizenden mensen de conferentie vanop straat volgen. Jammer genoeg vonden deze hippies het dan leuk om rel te schoppen om hun verveling te doorbreken en moest de politie bijwijlen hardhandig optreden tegen dit links tuig. Lord Monckton, een notoir klimaatscepticus, moest het hier ook ontgelden. Hij had de keuze tussen gemolesteerd worden door de Deense politie of gelyncht worden door de klimaatextremisten, en koos voor het eerste. Dit UKIP-lid van het "House of Lords" werd, amper enkele luttele dagen nadat hij de klimaatgelovige relschoppers nog terecht als "Hitlerjeugd" afgedaan had, door de stormtroepen van de politieke correctheid neergeslagen. Als ode aan de verdraagzaamheid van pinko-links en haar handlangers kan dit weer tellen.
Twee weken geleden mocht Paul McCarthny zijn allernieuwste waanidee komen voorstellen in het Europees Parlement. Niet op uitnodiging van een communistisch of ecologistisch parlementslid, maar op die van de vice-voorzitter van het Europees Parlement zelf. McCarthny gelooft dat het consumeren van vlees bijdraagt tot de opwarming van de aarde. Hij wil dan ook vlees gaan verbieden (sic) te beginnen met één dag in de week. Er was een tijd, nog niet eens zo lang geleden, dat zulke ideeën terecht weggelachen werden en hun propageten terecht met pek en veren de stad uitgejaagd werden. Vandaag worden ze niet enkel gedoogd, ze krijgen zelfs een forum waar anderen alleen maar van kunnen dromen. De waanzin nabij, het avondland ligt op apegaten. En als dan een eenzame kruisvaarder deze nonsens met wetenschappelijk materiaal tracht te doorprikken, wordt hij door het establishment hiervoor gereprimeerd. Libertarisch EP-medewerker Benjamin Harnwell kan ervan meespreken. Hij waagde het om een video rond te sturen waarop John Coleman, de stichter van het "U.S. Weather Channel", manifest ontkent dat de mens verantwoordelijk zou zijn voor de klimaatsverandering. Zowel hij als zijn werkgever, Brits conservatief Europarlementslid Nirj Deva, werden hiervoor op het matje geroepen. Zogezegd niet omwille van de inhoud, maar omdat de interne EP-mailinglijsten niet daarvoor zouden dienen... Wij weten wel beter.
Phil Jones mag op kosten en met de steun van de Verenigde Nazi's rustig zijn statistieken vervalsen en als diens e-mails uitlekken met daarin niets dan wetenschappelijk bedrog en feitelijke leugens duurt het nog weken voor de pers er aandacht aan wil schenken. Vijf politici in Australië namen ontslag na het uitlekken van die e-mails, in het Amerikaanse Congres begonnen hoorzittingen, en fraudeur Phil Jones van het IPCC verdween officieel dan wel van het academische toneel, toch wist hij nog 15 miljoen EUR belastinggeld binnen te rijven voor zijn klimaatstudies. Vincent in wonderland. Echt wel. Verder worden gematigde sceptici zoals een Daniel Hannan, een Vaclav Klaus of een Roger Helmer afgedaan als radicale extremisten, "climate change deniers" en op één hoop geworpen met Holocaustontkenners en andere verwerpelijke kobolten. Nochtans zijn Helmers papers, Hannans blogteksten en Klaus' boek best interessant om lezen, net als onderzoeksjournalist James Dellingpole van "The Daily Telegraph" die de talrijke IPCC-schandalen van de laatste weken voor ons brak.
Gelukkig is er ook nog een beetje plaats voor satire in dit wansmakelijke verhaal van groteske vooroordelen, doortrapte leugens, ongeziene oneerlijkheid, hemeltergende hypocrisie en verborgen agenda's die niets of niemand schuwen om hun socialistische, ecologische, utopische heilstaat maar te kunnen stichten. Het filmpje hierboven van de EU-Referendumblog is daar een mooi voorbeeld van, net zoals de lijst van "100 zaken waarvoor je het klimaat de schuld kan geven" op de weblog van de "Heritage Foundation", of de pijnlijke vaststelling dat de overal te pas en te onpas verguisde Britse tabloids in deze zaak meer de waarheid gesproken hebben dan hun "kwaliteitsvolle" tegenhangers. Kopenhagen is dus een grote mislukking, en laat dit een reden om feesten zijn. Kijk, het klimaat is naar de knoppen, maar we hebben dit jaar wel voor het eerst sinds het midden van de jaren 1960 opnieuw een witte kerst... En geniet allemaal maar van de Kerstman want als het aan de groenen ligt, moet ook die dikke zuipende kapitalistische vervuiler er dra aan geloven! Boomknuffelaars van alle landen, op naar de volgende windmolen. In ganzenpas.
Dit artikel verscheen ook op de rechtse en libertarische metablogs "Het Vrije Volk", "De Vrijspreker" en "In Flanders Fields".
Meer over de heersende klimaatleugens op www.climatescam.com.
Het Engelstalige magazine "The Bulletin" dat gretig gelezen wordt onder de grote expatgemeenschap van Brussel heeft de Tsjechische president Vaclav Klaus deze week uitgeroepen tot "Persoonlijkheid van 2009". Iedereen kent hem en zijn ideeën, en iedereen heeft over hem ook wel een mening, maar niemand zal kunnen ontkennen dat er een andere individuele persoon geweest is het laatste jaar die zo gewogen heeft op de politiek en het beleid van de Europese Unie dan Vaclav Klaus. Hij was lange tijd "the last man standing" in Europa, en ook al moest hij uiteindelijk toch inbinden en het Verdrag van Lissabon ondertekenen, toch heeft hij gedaan wat anderen niet durfden en heeft hij zijn tanden laten zien als staatshoofd van een kleine EU-lidstaat. "Hij werd gebrandmerkt tot schurk van het jaar en uitgespuwd door de EU-elite, maar in werkelijkheid bewees Klaus dat Europa een Unie is van 27 en niet slechts drie lidstaten plus 24," aldus de redactie van "The Bulletin".
Na de vele gênante momenten voor de Mandarijnen van Brussel en de zelden voorspelbare handelingen van Vaclav Klaus zullen de grote lidstaten in de toekomst wel twee maal nadenken alvorens ze weerom zullen vergeten de kleintjes mee in het bad te trekken. En ook voor Tsjechië zelf heeft Klaus achter de schermen een grote slag weten thuishalen. De "mensenrechten" die Lissabon de EU-lidstaten opdringt, zoals extra zwangerschapsverlof en verregaande stakingsrechten, zullen immers niet van toepassing zijn op zijn land. Tsjechië zal dus - samen met de twee andere slimme opt-outlanden Ierland en het VK - een enorm concurrentievoordeel ten opzichte van de andere EU-landen kunnen opbouwen. Klaus had het verdrag gelezen en zag de gevaren die erin vervat zaten. Hij stond in de branding, moederziel alleen, en vocht tegen de golven, maar uiteindelijk moest hij bakzeil halen. "Geleidelijk aan zullen de Europese leiders meer en meer de draagwijdte van Lissabon leren kennen en alle veranderingen van dat verdrag zullen stap per stap duidelijk worden". Met die woorden becommentarieerde Rob Heirbaut op de laatste top voor VRT de aanwezigheid van een tiental buitenlandministers die vergeefs binnen wilden op de top, maar dat niet mochten. Zij wisten niet eens dat Lady Ashton voortaan in hun naam buitenlands beleid zou gaan voeren... I rest my case.
Dit commentaarstuk werd ook elders overgenomen, zoals o.a. op de metablogs "In Flanders Fields, "De Vrijspreker" en "Het Vrije Volk".
Meer over dit eerbetoon aan Vaclav Klaus op www.elsevier.nl.
Na de vele gênante momenten voor de Mandarijnen van Brussel en de zelden voorspelbare handelingen van Vaclav Klaus zullen de grote lidstaten in de toekomst wel twee maal nadenken alvorens ze weerom zullen vergeten de kleintjes mee in het bad te trekken. En ook voor Tsjechië zelf heeft Klaus achter de schermen een grote slag weten thuishalen. De "mensenrechten" die Lissabon de EU-lidstaten opdringt, zoals extra zwangerschapsverlof en verregaande stakingsrechten, zullen immers niet van toepassing zijn op zijn land. Tsjechië zal dus - samen met de twee andere slimme opt-outlanden Ierland en het VK - een enorm concurrentievoordeel ten opzichte van de andere EU-landen kunnen opbouwen. Klaus had het verdrag gelezen en zag de gevaren die erin vervat zaten. Hij stond in de branding, moederziel alleen, en vocht tegen de golven, maar uiteindelijk moest hij bakzeil halen. "Geleidelijk aan zullen de Europese leiders meer en meer de draagwijdte van Lissabon leren kennen en alle veranderingen van dat verdrag zullen stap per stap duidelijk worden". Met die woorden becommentarieerde Rob Heirbaut op de laatste top voor VRT de aanwezigheid van een tiental buitenlandministers die vergeefs binnen wilden op de top, maar dat niet mochten. Zij wisten niet eens dat Lady Ashton voortaan in hun naam buitenlands beleid zou gaan voeren... I rest my case.
Dit commentaarstuk werd ook elders overgenomen, zoals o.a. op de metablogs "In Flanders Fields, "De Vrijspreker" en "Het Vrije Volk".
Meer over dit eerbetoon aan Vaclav Klaus op www.elsevier.nl.
Yegor Gaidar is niet meer onder ons. Deze befaamde Russische econoom en politicus overleed vandaag geheel onverwachts in zijn huis in Moskou. Hij laat een vrouw en vier kinderen achter. Gaidar is amper 53 geworden. Voor de jongeren onder ons mag Yegor Gaidar misschien dan al niet meteen bekend zijn, zijn hoogdagen speelden zich nu eenmaal af in het begin van de jaren 1990, toch is hij iemand om even bij stil te staan. Als we ons hem vandaag nog enigszins voor de geest kunnen halen, heeft dat waarschijnlijk te maken met zijn recent werk als anti-Poetinactivist (in 2006 zou hij in Ierland zelfs vergiftigd geweest zijn door de Russische geheime dienst) of met zijn Nostradamus-inzichten (hij was na de onafhankelijkheid van Kosovo de eerste om de Georgische invasie te voorspellen), maar Gaidar is veel meer dan dat. Zelf hoorde ik het eerst over hem in augustus laatstleden tijdens één van mijn zomerse diners met Vladimir Bukowsky op de campus van de Université Paul Cézanne van Aix-en-Provence. Bukowsky legde mij de details van de transitie van de Sovjet-Unie in begin jaren 1990 uit en had enkel maar lof voor Yegor Gaidar. In tegenstelling tot de andere politici uit die tijd verrijkte Gaidar zich niet op de kap van de samenleving.
Gaidar geldt als grondlegger van de moderne Russische markteconomie. Het was immers hij die als hoofdredacteur van het Sovjet-partijblad "Communist" de krijtlijnen voor de perestroika van Michael Gorbatsjov uittekende en zich later ook volledig achter de liberale ideeën van Margaret Thatcher en Ronald Reagan begon te scharen. In 1991 trad hij eindelijk uit de schaduw van Gorbatsjov en verliet hij prompt de Communistische Partij om in de nieuwe regering van Boris Jeltsin enkele ministerportefeuilles aan te nemen. In 1992 werd hij weliswaar premier van Rusland onder president Jeltsin maar toch zou hij amper 6 maanden op post blijven. De linkse oppositie weigerde zijn voordracht als premier te ondersteunen en ook binnen het Jeltsin-kamp was er veel verzet tegen zijn "ultra-liberalisme". Uiteindelijk vond men in Viktor Chernomyrdin een consensuspremier en moest Gaibar tevredenheid nemen met de ministeries van financiën en economische zaken. Gaidar bracht in de praktijk wat hij predikte, en koos resoluut voor de "shock therapy". Dit werd hem niet in dank afgenomen, maar hij wou van geen wijken weten. Hij schafte alle prijszettingen door de overheid af, voerde een fiscaal ultra-conservatief beleid om het begrotingstekort weg te werken, knipte in de uitgaven voor sociale diensten en defensie, en schafte een heleboel industriële subsidies en staatsmonopolies af.
De gewone burgers waren het niet altijd eens met de politiek van Gaibar die de munt devalueerde en de burgers hun spaarcenten afnam. De "wilde" privatiseringen van de overheidsbedrijven en de uitverkoop van de staatseigendommen aan een bevoorrechte elite van oud-partijbonzen werd hem ook al niet in dank afgenomen, net als de enorme prijzenstijgingen na het afschaffen van de prijszettingen. Na zijn hoogdagen als minister trok hij zich terug op de oppositiebanken en voerde hij een verbeten strijd tegen de oude Jeltsin en later tegen Vladimir Poetin omdat die zich té autoritair zouden opstellen en niets van economie zouden begrijpen. Gaibar zou ook tot aan zijn dood aan het hoofd blijven staan van het prestigieuze "Institute for the Economy in Transition", een denktank die laden bijstaat in de-collectivisering en het openen van de economie. Gaibar werkte samen met topeconomen zoals Jeffrey Sachs en werd nog wel ereprofessor aan de Amerikaanse universiteiten Duke en Berkeley, maar buiten het academische wereldje begon zijn ster de laatste jaren zwaar te tanen. De teruggetrokken en sterk gemarginaliseerde dronkaard die vandaag in Moskou het leven liet, lijkt in niets nog op de moedige politicus en knappe econoom die hij twee decennia geleden was, maar desalniettemin verdient hij onze eerbetuigingen en ongebreideld respect. Hij redde Rusland immers van de economische ondergang en toonde de wereld dat het anders kan.
Dit obituarium verscheen ook elders op het Internet.
Meer over het overlijden van deze econoom op www.bbc.co.uk.
Gaidar geldt als grondlegger van de moderne Russische markteconomie. Het was immers hij die als hoofdredacteur van het Sovjet-partijblad "Communist" de krijtlijnen voor de perestroika van Michael Gorbatsjov uittekende en zich later ook volledig achter de liberale ideeën van Margaret Thatcher en Ronald Reagan begon te scharen. In 1991 trad hij eindelijk uit de schaduw van Gorbatsjov en verliet hij prompt de Communistische Partij om in de nieuwe regering van Boris Jeltsin enkele ministerportefeuilles aan te nemen. In 1992 werd hij weliswaar premier van Rusland onder president Jeltsin maar toch zou hij amper 6 maanden op post blijven. De linkse oppositie weigerde zijn voordracht als premier te ondersteunen en ook binnen het Jeltsin-kamp was er veel verzet tegen zijn "ultra-liberalisme". Uiteindelijk vond men in Viktor Chernomyrdin een consensuspremier en moest Gaibar tevredenheid nemen met de ministeries van financiën en economische zaken. Gaidar bracht in de praktijk wat hij predikte, en koos resoluut voor de "shock therapy". Dit werd hem niet in dank afgenomen, maar hij wou van geen wijken weten. Hij schafte alle prijszettingen door de overheid af, voerde een fiscaal ultra-conservatief beleid om het begrotingstekort weg te werken, knipte in de uitgaven voor sociale diensten en defensie, en schafte een heleboel industriële subsidies en staatsmonopolies af.
De gewone burgers waren het niet altijd eens met de politiek van Gaibar die de munt devalueerde en de burgers hun spaarcenten afnam. De "wilde" privatiseringen van de overheidsbedrijven en de uitverkoop van de staatseigendommen aan een bevoorrechte elite van oud-partijbonzen werd hem ook al niet in dank afgenomen, net als de enorme prijzenstijgingen na het afschaffen van de prijszettingen. Na zijn hoogdagen als minister trok hij zich terug op de oppositiebanken en voerde hij een verbeten strijd tegen de oude Jeltsin en later tegen Vladimir Poetin omdat die zich té autoritair zouden opstellen en niets van economie zouden begrijpen. Gaibar zou ook tot aan zijn dood aan het hoofd blijven staan van het prestigieuze "Institute for the Economy in Transition", een denktank die laden bijstaat in de-collectivisering en het openen van de economie. Gaibar werkte samen met topeconomen zoals Jeffrey Sachs en werd nog wel ereprofessor aan de Amerikaanse universiteiten Duke en Berkeley, maar buiten het academische wereldje begon zijn ster de laatste jaren zwaar te tanen. De teruggetrokken en sterk gemarginaliseerde dronkaard die vandaag in Moskou het leven liet, lijkt in niets nog op de moedige politicus en knappe econoom die hij twee decennia geleden was, maar desalniettemin verdient hij onze eerbetuigingen en ongebreideld respect. Hij redde Rusland immers van de economische ondergang en toonde de wereld dat het anders kan.
Dit obituarium verscheen ook elders op het Internet.
Meer over het overlijden van deze econoom op www.bbc.co.uk.
Op 8 en 9 december jl. vond in Brussel de 6de editie van de “International Leaders Summit” plaats. Al jaar en dag is dit “Adriatic Institute”-congres de enige kans voor Belgen om in eigen land absolute topsprekers van de grote Amerikaanse denktanks te kunnen horen. En ook dit jaar sprak de “line-up” weerom tot de verbeelding. De partners van het evenement waren dan ook niet van de minste. Naast “Open Europe” uit Londen, en “Utilis” en “ApCera” uit Brussel, prijkten ook de namen van het “Cato Institute”, de “Heritage Foundation”, het “Heartland Institute” en de “Atlas Foundation” op de uitnodiging. De tweedaagse topontmoeting genoot ook de steun van de “European Conservatives and Reformists”-fractie in het EU-Parlement en van het “World Development and Empowerment”-programma van de Amerikaanse overheid. Gastheer voor het evenement was Brits EP-lid Geoffrey Van Orden, die in die hoedanigheid zijn liberaal-conservatieve fractiegenoten Roger Helmer, Daniel Hannan, Jan Zahradil, Syed Kamall en Nirj Deva opvolgde. De drukke werkweek waarin het evenement plaatsvond, fnuikte wel een beetje de opkomst, maar desalniettemin bleek de ILS van 2009 andermaal een groot succes te zijn. Ook de pers vond voor de eerste keer de weg naar deze tweedaagse conferentie.
Het eerste panel adresseerde de grote vraagstukken rond de toekomst van de Europese Unie in een globale context. EP-leden Daniel Hannan en Jan Zahradil stonden uitgebreid stil bij de vele gebreken van de huidige Europese Unie zoals het latente gebrek aan transparantie, democratische controle en openheid binnen de instellingen én binnen het wetgevende proces. Dan Mitchell van het “Cato Institute” en Pieter Cleppe van “Open Europe” lieten hun licht dan weer schijnen over de economische uitdagingen van Europa. Europe moet haar eigen overheadkosten drastisch verminderen, meer de kaart trekken van vrijhandel tegen haar eigen protectionistische mechanismen in, en resoluut kiezen voor het realiseren van economische groei als hoofdprioriteit in de toekomst. Net zoals alle andere panels werd ook dit congresdeel door Edward Lucas van “The Economist” gemodereerd. Lucas is zelf gespecialiseerd in de Oost-Europese transitieperiode en wees op de absolute noodzaak van constante hervormingen in de Europese Unie om onze welvaart naar de toekomst toe te kunnen veiligstellen. Europa kan niet inert blijven vasthouden aan haar geldverkwistende socialistische modellen als de rest van de wereld wél evolueert naar minder overheid en meer vrije markt.
Het tweede panel ging over de uitbreiding van de Europese Unie naar de Balkanlanden toe en schetste de zware uitdagingen van die landen. Monica Macovei is momenteel lid van het Europees Parlement maar maakte de laatste jaren vooral furore als Roemeens justitieminister. Zij was de eerste en enige die de corruptie in dat land daadwerkelijk wilde aanpakken en net daarom wordt zij tot op vandaag door een groot deel van de Roemeense bevolking gehaat. Ook omdat zij het was die de EU ooit gevraagd heeft om de uitkeringen aan haar land te stoppen tot de corruptie daar beteugeld was. Zij kwam op deze ILS-conferentie de corruptieproblematiek in die landen duiden. EP-lid Geoffrey Van Orden stond op zijn beurt dan weer stil bij de strategische noodzaak om de Balkanlanden te integreren in de NAVO en de Europese Unie. Natasha Srdoc van het “Adriatic Institute” deed de desastreuze corruptiecultuur in haar Kroatië uit de doeken en toonde aan dat de EU de bal helemaal misgeslagen heeft om Kroatië nu al EU-toetreding voor te houden zonder de corruptie-eisen te verstrengen. Gordana Jankuloska is de minister van binnenlandse zaken van Macedonië en gaf ons inzage in het radicale anti-corruptiebeleid van haar regering in de laatste jaren waarbij naar verluidt al honderden gezagsdragers ontslagen en vervolgd werden.
Het derde panel had als rode draad de aanpak van de huidige financiële crisis en schoof zéér duidelijke liberale en kapitalistische antwoorden naar voren. Ivan Miklos was vice-premier en financiënminister van Slowakije toen dat land in de jaren 1990 resoluut voor een vlaktaks koos om de economische recessie die het land toen trof aan te pakken. Met gigantisch succes trouwens. Ook nu zouden belastinghervormingen, in plaats van sinterklaassubsidies of verspilzuchtige bail-outs, de economie terug kunnen aanzwengelen. Dan Mitchell van het “Cato Institute” legde ons op zijn beurt dan weer uit dat economische groei cruciaal is en dat het onaanvaardbaar is dat Westerse landen hun socialistische uitgaven en economische vriendjespolitiek laten primeren op groei. Hij toonde ons dat amper 1 procentpunt minder groei per jaar vanaf het begin van de metingen rond 1875 ons vandaag de welvaart van 1960 zou opgeleverd hebben. Volgens hem was dat terecht iets om ons vandaag zorgen over te maken. Mitchell haalde ook zijn paradepaardje van stal en verdedigde het bestaan van belastingparadijzen omdat zij de ultieme check zouden zijn op de overbelastingen elders in de wereld. Joel Samy van het “Adriatic Institute” verschafte ons enkele inzichten over de “Index of Economic Freedom” en vertelde ons wie de laatste “winners” en “losers” waren. Lajos Bokros is momenteel Europarlementslid maar tot voor kort nog de financiënminister van Hongarije. Het was hij die de begroting van dat land eindelijk op orde kreeg. Bokros stond stil bij de nefaste gevolgen van “deficit spending”, begrotingstekorten en openbare schuldopbouw.
Verder stond er op de conferentie ook nog een vertoning van de kortfilm “33 Minutes” van de “Heritage Foundation” op het programma. Die film beargumenteert de strategische noodzaak om een anti-rakettenschild te bouwen tegen de nucleaire dreiging van schurkenstaten zoals Noord-Korea en Iran. Zonder schild zouden de Verenigde Staten van waar ook ter wereld in amper een dik half uur volledig vernietigd kunnen worden. Tenslotte kwamen de genodigden op dinsdagavond ook nog samen in de “Salons des Membres” van het Europees Parlement voor het traditionele “Liberty Dinner” dat voorgegaan werd door Marc Champion van “The Wall Street Journal” en Michal Kaminski, de Poolse Thatcheriaanse leider van de ECR-fractie. De “keynote speaker” op het diner was niemand minder dan Kim Holmes. Deze vice-minister van buitenlandse zaken onder George W. Bush is momenteel vice-voorzitter van de “Heritage Foundation” en een veelgevraagde commentator in de Amerikaanse media. Holmes liet er geen twijfel over bestaan waar zijn loyaliteit lag. Hij verdedigde de politiek van Bush, viel de Verenigde Naties aan, sprak zijn lof uit voor de Europeanen die hun nek durfden uitsteken en de VS altijd verdedigd hebben, en besprak de beleidsplannen van Barack Obama waar hij maar weinig goeds van verwacht. Holmes werkte mee aan de “33 Minutes”-film en stond stil bij de nucleaire dreiging in de wereld. Ook schreef hij het boek “Liberty’s Best Hope” waarin hij de VS oproept tot sterk leiderschap in de wereld om niet enkel de veiligheid van het Westen te garanderen maar ook om bepaalde vrijheidsidealen te kunnen blijven uitdragen.
Dit verslag verscheen ook elders op het Internet. Als toemaatje voeg ik aan deze tekst ook nog de trailer van die "33 Minutes"-film toe.
Meer over deze tweedaagse conferentie op www.ils-wde.org.
Het eerste panel adresseerde de grote vraagstukken rond de toekomst van de Europese Unie in een globale context. EP-leden Daniel Hannan en Jan Zahradil stonden uitgebreid stil bij de vele gebreken van de huidige Europese Unie zoals het latente gebrek aan transparantie, democratische controle en openheid binnen de instellingen én binnen het wetgevende proces. Dan Mitchell van het “Cato Institute” en Pieter Cleppe van “Open Europe” lieten hun licht dan weer schijnen over de economische uitdagingen van Europa. Europe moet haar eigen overheadkosten drastisch verminderen, meer de kaart trekken van vrijhandel tegen haar eigen protectionistische mechanismen in, en resoluut kiezen voor het realiseren van economische groei als hoofdprioriteit in de toekomst. Net zoals alle andere panels werd ook dit congresdeel door Edward Lucas van “The Economist” gemodereerd. Lucas is zelf gespecialiseerd in de Oost-Europese transitieperiode en wees op de absolute noodzaak van constante hervormingen in de Europese Unie om onze welvaart naar de toekomst toe te kunnen veiligstellen. Europa kan niet inert blijven vasthouden aan haar geldverkwistende socialistische modellen als de rest van de wereld wél evolueert naar minder overheid en meer vrije markt.
Het tweede panel ging over de uitbreiding van de Europese Unie naar de Balkanlanden toe en schetste de zware uitdagingen van die landen. Monica Macovei is momenteel lid van het Europees Parlement maar maakte de laatste jaren vooral furore als Roemeens justitieminister. Zij was de eerste en enige die de corruptie in dat land daadwerkelijk wilde aanpakken en net daarom wordt zij tot op vandaag door een groot deel van de Roemeense bevolking gehaat. Ook omdat zij het was die de EU ooit gevraagd heeft om de uitkeringen aan haar land te stoppen tot de corruptie daar beteugeld was. Zij kwam op deze ILS-conferentie de corruptieproblematiek in die landen duiden. EP-lid Geoffrey Van Orden stond op zijn beurt dan weer stil bij de strategische noodzaak om de Balkanlanden te integreren in de NAVO en de Europese Unie. Natasha Srdoc van het “Adriatic Institute” deed de desastreuze corruptiecultuur in haar Kroatië uit de doeken en toonde aan dat de EU de bal helemaal misgeslagen heeft om Kroatië nu al EU-toetreding voor te houden zonder de corruptie-eisen te verstrengen. Gordana Jankuloska is de minister van binnenlandse zaken van Macedonië en gaf ons inzage in het radicale anti-corruptiebeleid van haar regering in de laatste jaren waarbij naar verluidt al honderden gezagsdragers ontslagen en vervolgd werden.
Het derde panel had als rode draad de aanpak van de huidige financiële crisis en schoof zéér duidelijke liberale en kapitalistische antwoorden naar voren. Ivan Miklos was vice-premier en financiënminister van Slowakije toen dat land in de jaren 1990 resoluut voor een vlaktaks koos om de economische recessie die het land toen trof aan te pakken. Met gigantisch succes trouwens. Ook nu zouden belastinghervormingen, in plaats van sinterklaassubsidies of verspilzuchtige bail-outs, de economie terug kunnen aanzwengelen. Dan Mitchell van het “Cato Institute” legde ons op zijn beurt dan weer uit dat economische groei cruciaal is en dat het onaanvaardbaar is dat Westerse landen hun socialistische uitgaven en economische vriendjespolitiek laten primeren op groei. Hij toonde ons dat amper 1 procentpunt minder groei per jaar vanaf het begin van de metingen rond 1875 ons vandaag de welvaart van 1960 zou opgeleverd hebben. Volgens hem was dat terecht iets om ons vandaag zorgen over te maken. Mitchell haalde ook zijn paradepaardje van stal en verdedigde het bestaan van belastingparadijzen omdat zij de ultieme check zouden zijn op de overbelastingen elders in de wereld. Joel Samy van het “Adriatic Institute” verschafte ons enkele inzichten over de “Index of Economic Freedom” en vertelde ons wie de laatste “winners” en “losers” waren. Lajos Bokros is momenteel Europarlementslid maar tot voor kort nog de financiënminister van Hongarije. Het was hij die de begroting van dat land eindelijk op orde kreeg. Bokros stond stil bij de nefaste gevolgen van “deficit spending”, begrotingstekorten en openbare schuldopbouw.
Verder stond er op de conferentie ook nog een vertoning van de kortfilm “33 Minutes” van de “Heritage Foundation” op het programma. Die film beargumenteert de strategische noodzaak om een anti-rakettenschild te bouwen tegen de nucleaire dreiging van schurkenstaten zoals Noord-Korea en Iran. Zonder schild zouden de Verenigde Staten van waar ook ter wereld in amper een dik half uur volledig vernietigd kunnen worden. Tenslotte kwamen de genodigden op dinsdagavond ook nog samen in de “Salons des Membres” van het Europees Parlement voor het traditionele “Liberty Dinner” dat voorgegaan werd door Marc Champion van “The Wall Street Journal” en Michal Kaminski, de Poolse Thatcheriaanse leider van de ECR-fractie. De “keynote speaker” op het diner was niemand minder dan Kim Holmes. Deze vice-minister van buitenlandse zaken onder George W. Bush is momenteel vice-voorzitter van de “Heritage Foundation” en een veelgevraagde commentator in de Amerikaanse media. Holmes liet er geen twijfel over bestaan waar zijn loyaliteit lag. Hij verdedigde de politiek van Bush, viel de Verenigde Naties aan, sprak zijn lof uit voor de Europeanen die hun nek durfden uitsteken en de VS altijd verdedigd hebben, en besprak de beleidsplannen van Barack Obama waar hij maar weinig goeds van verwacht. Holmes werkte mee aan de “33 Minutes”-film en stond stil bij de nucleaire dreiging in de wereld. Ook schreef hij het boek “Liberty’s Best Hope” waarin hij de VS oproept tot sterk leiderschap in de wereld om niet enkel de veiligheid van het Westen te garanderen maar ook om bepaalde vrijheidsidealen te kunnen blijven uitdragen.
Dit verslag verscheen ook elders op het Internet. Als toemaatje voeg ik aan deze tekst ook nog de trailer van die "33 Minutes"-film toe.
Meer over deze tweedaagse conferentie op www.ils-wde.org.
Labour in de touwen, Tories klaar voor liberaal beleid
8 Reacties Gepubliceerd door Vincent De RoeckIn het Verenigd Koninkrijk kijkt iedereen stilaan reikhalzend uit naar de opkomende verkiezingen voor het Lagerhuis. Deze zouden normaal in mei 2010 plaatsvinden maar er gingen ook stemmen op om ze te vervroegen naar maart. Niet dat dit iets van verschil met zich mee zou brengen. Met Labour in de touwen na de desastreuze nederlaag in de EU-verkiezingen van juni laatstleden en de historisch lage populariteit van Gordon Brown twijfelt niemand er aan dat die verkiezingen door de Tories van David Cameron overtuigend gewonnen zullen worden. De peilingen zijn in dat opzicht ook duidelijk. Labour hanteert deze dagen een vuile en op alles behalve feiten gestoelde smeertactiek, maar de kloof blijft groeien. De Tories worden aangevallen omdat hun frontbenchers allemaal uit rijke vooraanstaande families zouden komen en omdat ze in het Europees Parlement zouden samenwerken met fascisten en racisten uit Oost-Europa. Dit laatste is zelfs een hele leugen, en ook het eerste snijdt in wezen geen hout. Labour wil zich wel graag voordoen als spreekbuis van "het gewone volk" maar ook alle Labour-ministers van de regering-Brown liepen school aan peperdure privé-scholen en topuniversiteiten.
De laatste peilingen mogen dan al wel aangeven dat de klinkende overwinning van de Conservatieve Partij overschaduwd zou kunnen worden door een tegenvaller op vlak van lokale zetels, het spook van een "hung parliament" waarbij geen enkele partij over een absolute zetelmeerderheid zou beschikken duikt immers de kop op, toch lijkt het zéér onwaarschijnlijk dat Labour alsnog aan de macht zou kunnen blijven. De LibDems komen weliswaar opzetten, en ook de verschillende regionalistische partijen uit Wales en Schotland staan op winst, maar zij zouden niets willen weten van een mogelijke deal met Labour. Aan de andere kant van het spectrum bestaat dan weer de kans dat ook de extreemrechtse "British National Party" een zetel zou binnenhalen na het stunten in de laatste EU-verkiezingen en het controversiële televisieoptreden van Nick Griffin waarna de BNP-kiesintenties op een "all time high" van 20% stonden, en ook de rechtse Eurosceptici van UKIP zouden een zetel kunnen winnen. Hun charismatische leider Nigel Farage is immers de enige tegenkandidaat van de onpopulaire speaker van het Lagerhuis in diens kieskring. De BNP wordt geacht om ontevreden kiezers van Labour te kunnen strikken en UKIP zou hetzelfde doen aan Tory-kant. Dit laatste zeker na het intrekken van Camerons eerdere referendumbelofte over het Verdrag van Lissabon.
De haatcampagnes van Labour tegen de Tories en hun leider David Cameron hebben echter niet zozeer te maken met de gapende kloof in de peilingen maar wel met de angst vanuit sociaal-democratische hoek voor het nationale beleid van Cameron na de verkiezingen. Labour vreest terecht dat Cameron een centrumrechts en vrij liberaal beleid zal gaan voeren, maar wel één dat het land en haar burgers ten goede zal komen. David Cameron is geen ultra-liberaal zoals Iain Duncan Smith of Michael Howard, geen rabiate Euroscepticus zoals een William Hague en al helemaal geen grijze muis zoals een Kenneth Clarke. Cameron zal eens in Downing Street 10 wel degelijk aan de minderbedeelden denken en zich niet verliezen in sterk ideologische gevechten met de vakbonden of de armenorganisaties. Hij zal Groot-Brittannië immers stap per stap uit het slop halen en Labour zo voor lange tijd naar de oppositiebanken verbannen. Persoonlijk mag ik dan al een ideoloog verkiezen boven een pragmaticus, Cameron blijft iemand naar mijn hart. Hij wil elke EU-richtlijn m.b.t. de financiële sector vetoën, een vlaktaks van 15-25% instellen voor bedrijven, winsten op innovatie grotendeels vrijstellen van belastingen, een begrotingsoverschot nastreven door te knippen in bureaucratie en openbare uitgaven, en de staatsschuld drastisch afbouwen. Als dat beleid in het VK nog maar als "gematigd" gezien wordt, hoe laf en kortzichtig zijn onze Belgische politici dan niet?
Dit artikel verscheen ook elders op het Internet.
Meer over het economisch beleid van Cameron op www.ft.com.
De laatste peilingen mogen dan al wel aangeven dat de klinkende overwinning van de Conservatieve Partij overschaduwd zou kunnen worden door een tegenvaller op vlak van lokale zetels, het spook van een "hung parliament" waarbij geen enkele partij over een absolute zetelmeerderheid zou beschikken duikt immers de kop op, toch lijkt het zéér onwaarschijnlijk dat Labour alsnog aan de macht zou kunnen blijven. De LibDems komen weliswaar opzetten, en ook de verschillende regionalistische partijen uit Wales en Schotland staan op winst, maar zij zouden niets willen weten van een mogelijke deal met Labour. Aan de andere kant van het spectrum bestaat dan weer de kans dat ook de extreemrechtse "British National Party" een zetel zou binnenhalen na het stunten in de laatste EU-verkiezingen en het controversiële televisieoptreden van Nick Griffin waarna de BNP-kiesintenties op een "all time high" van 20% stonden, en ook de rechtse Eurosceptici van UKIP zouden een zetel kunnen winnen. Hun charismatische leider Nigel Farage is immers de enige tegenkandidaat van de onpopulaire speaker van het Lagerhuis in diens kieskring. De BNP wordt geacht om ontevreden kiezers van Labour te kunnen strikken en UKIP zou hetzelfde doen aan Tory-kant. Dit laatste zeker na het intrekken van Camerons eerdere referendumbelofte over het Verdrag van Lissabon.
De haatcampagnes van Labour tegen de Tories en hun leider David Cameron hebben echter niet zozeer te maken met de gapende kloof in de peilingen maar wel met de angst vanuit sociaal-democratische hoek voor het nationale beleid van Cameron na de verkiezingen. Labour vreest terecht dat Cameron een centrumrechts en vrij liberaal beleid zal gaan voeren, maar wel één dat het land en haar burgers ten goede zal komen. David Cameron is geen ultra-liberaal zoals Iain Duncan Smith of Michael Howard, geen rabiate Euroscepticus zoals een William Hague en al helemaal geen grijze muis zoals een Kenneth Clarke. Cameron zal eens in Downing Street 10 wel degelijk aan de minderbedeelden denken en zich niet verliezen in sterk ideologische gevechten met de vakbonden of de armenorganisaties. Hij zal Groot-Brittannië immers stap per stap uit het slop halen en Labour zo voor lange tijd naar de oppositiebanken verbannen. Persoonlijk mag ik dan al een ideoloog verkiezen boven een pragmaticus, Cameron blijft iemand naar mijn hart. Hij wil elke EU-richtlijn m.b.t. de financiële sector vetoën, een vlaktaks van 15-25% instellen voor bedrijven, winsten op innovatie grotendeels vrijstellen van belastingen, een begrotingsoverschot nastreven door te knippen in bureaucratie en openbare uitgaven, en de staatsschuld drastisch afbouwen. Als dat beleid in het VK nog maar als "gematigd" gezien wordt, hoe laf en kortzichtig zijn onze Belgische politici dan niet?
Dit artikel verscheen ook elders op het Internet.
Meer over het economisch beleid van Cameron op www.ft.com.
The bit of Brussels where I work, the concrete-canyoned EU quarter, stands out for many things, such as its hordes of well-dressed, multi-lingual Eurocrats, and for never-ending protests by people wanting EU money for something or other. Today, these two features were neatly combined as thousands of the Eurocrats staged a demonstration over pay. Much of the press commentary has been a bit harsh, noting that the EU civil servants threatening strike action have some of the safest jobs in Europe, and enjoy more generous pay and conditions than they would in most national civil services. The counter-argument here inside the Brussels bubble is that the pay of EU officials is fixed against a reference basket of eight countries, and it is this mechanism that has produced the recession-defying pay rise of 3.7% for next year that is causing a fuss.
I must admit, I can see both sides. Given that national governments agreed the pay system years ago, it does look legally dodgy to challenge it now. On the other hand, given that civil servants in some countries, like Ireland or Latvia, are having vast chunks cut from their pay packets, it does seem a bit rich for the EU’s finest to award themselves an above-inflation rise, especially as they enjoy all sorts of other perks, ranging from tax-free salaries (they pay special levies to the EU instead), child allowances, household allowances, subsidised places at the European Schools for their children and handsome “expatriation allowances” to offset the costs of living in Brussels, which -- judging by my own observation -- are available even to people who have lived in Brussels for many years.
Most of all, I think the carping about the pay and conditions of EU officials is missing a much bigger point. In my experience, if the life of many Eurocrats looks gold-plated, the lustre is that of a gilded cage. I cannot put a statistical percentage on it, but after years of Brussels dinner parties, I would say that roughly “lots and lots” of EU officials are bored and rather miserable with their jobs. Getting a full-time job at the EU institutions is hard: you have to pass a strange, French-inspired test or “concours” which to date have included a whole series of questions designed to test the ability to cram Euro-facts into your head, such as: what was the “Barnier Proposal”, what is the “Helsinki Action Group”, how many commission presidents there have been or Jean Monnet’s shoe size (ok, I made that one up).
Most people who get into the services are well-educated and rather idealistic about Europe. They then rapidly discover that promotion is often less about merit than about years of service, politics and (irony of ironies in a European institution) your nationality. Some land jobs in policy areas that enjoy support from the national governments, so actually produce legislation. Others find themselves working on a proposed directive that has barely moved an inch in 10 years, and is slowly being talked to death in committee meetings to which only Kafka could do justice. There are also lots of grudges. Younger officials have less generous pay packages than those who joined before staff reforms a few years ago, so resent their older colleagues. Lots of officials from old member countries privately carp and grumble about those from new member countries, who they accuse of being out for themselves and shockingly un-European in their thinking. The easterners think the old-timers snooty and lazy. And everybody sighs and dreams about the supposed heyday of the institutions when Jacques Delors was commission president, and told national governments who was boss.
I would have more time for this argument, were it not for the (rather unlikely) fact that I briefly tasted life inside the European Commission as a “stagiaire” or intern in 1993, ie, the Delors era. I worked in one of the more glamorous bits of the machine, DG1 (now the External Relations bit of the commission), and my boss had an interesting job, on paper. But in reality, my whole unit seemed to spend its life writing reports for the bin, or at best the filing cabinets of other units. Everyone spent a lot of time on the telephone, and the focus of life seemed to be lunch, long weekends, gossip about extra-marital affairs, things like choirs and amateur dramatic societies, and lunch. Also, though nobody seemed to be exactly flat-out busy, a lot of ingenuity went into hiring new staff: one earnest man who had been hanging about for ages on a temporary contract was sucked into complex negotiations with an outside contractor based in another country, which at one point was going to hire him and contract him back to our unit. I don’t think it worked out: the poor man fell into the gulf that divides “temporary agents” in the commission from “fonctionnaires” or permanent officials who have passed the concours. The two tribes are even separated by a visible mark: temps carry a large T on their identity badges, while fonctionnaires have an F on theirs.
Years later, while working in Beijing, I read about the lives of imperial mandarins in Ming or Qing dynasty China, and was struck by a pang of recognition. There it all was: the gilded paranoia, the politicking, the strange entrance exams (would-be officials had to memorise great screeds of Confucius rather than Robert Schuman’s knicker size, but the theory was the same), and the obsession with rank. In China, it was all about whether you had a crane embroidered on your robes, or a jade or coral bead atop your tasselled hat. In Brussels, it is about being an AD 12 or 13 (and then which seniority step you enjoy). It could be worse, of course. The innermost sanctums of the Forbidden City were staffed by eunuchs. Some sacrifices, even the EU balks at.
Dit commentaarstuk verscheen oorspronkelijk in "The Economist".
Meer teksten van columnist Charlemagne op www.economist.com.
I must admit, I can see both sides. Given that national governments agreed the pay system years ago, it does look legally dodgy to challenge it now. On the other hand, given that civil servants in some countries, like Ireland or Latvia, are having vast chunks cut from their pay packets, it does seem a bit rich for the EU’s finest to award themselves an above-inflation rise, especially as they enjoy all sorts of other perks, ranging from tax-free salaries (they pay special levies to the EU instead), child allowances, household allowances, subsidised places at the European Schools for their children and handsome “expatriation allowances” to offset the costs of living in Brussels, which -- judging by my own observation -- are available even to people who have lived in Brussels for many years.
Most of all, I think the carping about the pay and conditions of EU officials is missing a much bigger point. In my experience, if the life of many Eurocrats looks gold-plated, the lustre is that of a gilded cage. I cannot put a statistical percentage on it, but after years of Brussels dinner parties, I would say that roughly “lots and lots” of EU officials are bored and rather miserable with their jobs. Getting a full-time job at the EU institutions is hard: you have to pass a strange, French-inspired test or “concours” which to date have included a whole series of questions designed to test the ability to cram Euro-facts into your head, such as: what was the “Barnier Proposal”, what is the “Helsinki Action Group”, how many commission presidents there have been or Jean Monnet’s shoe size (ok, I made that one up).
Most people who get into the services are well-educated and rather idealistic about Europe. They then rapidly discover that promotion is often less about merit than about years of service, politics and (irony of ironies in a European institution) your nationality. Some land jobs in policy areas that enjoy support from the national governments, so actually produce legislation. Others find themselves working on a proposed directive that has barely moved an inch in 10 years, and is slowly being talked to death in committee meetings to which only Kafka could do justice. There are also lots of grudges. Younger officials have less generous pay packages than those who joined before staff reforms a few years ago, so resent their older colleagues. Lots of officials from old member countries privately carp and grumble about those from new member countries, who they accuse of being out for themselves and shockingly un-European in their thinking. The easterners think the old-timers snooty and lazy. And everybody sighs and dreams about the supposed heyday of the institutions when Jacques Delors was commission president, and told national governments who was boss.
I would have more time for this argument, were it not for the (rather unlikely) fact that I briefly tasted life inside the European Commission as a “stagiaire” or intern in 1993, ie, the Delors era. I worked in one of the more glamorous bits of the machine, DG1 (now the External Relations bit of the commission), and my boss had an interesting job, on paper. But in reality, my whole unit seemed to spend its life writing reports for the bin, or at best the filing cabinets of other units. Everyone spent a lot of time on the telephone, and the focus of life seemed to be lunch, long weekends, gossip about extra-marital affairs, things like choirs and amateur dramatic societies, and lunch. Also, though nobody seemed to be exactly flat-out busy, a lot of ingenuity went into hiring new staff: one earnest man who had been hanging about for ages on a temporary contract was sucked into complex negotiations with an outside contractor based in another country, which at one point was going to hire him and contract him back to our unit. I don’t think it worked out: the poor man fell into the gulf that divides “temporary agents” in the commission from “fonctionnaires” or permanent officials who have passed the concours. The two tribes are even separated by a visible mark: temps carry a large T on their identity badges, while fonctionnaires have an F on theirs.
Years later, while working in Beijing, I read about the lives of imperial mandarins in Ming or Qing dynasty China, and was struck by a pang of recognition. There it all was: the gilded paranoia, the politicking, the strange entrance exams (would-be officials had to memorise great screeds of Confucius rather than Robert Schuman’s knicker size, but the theory was the same), and the obsession with rank. In China, it was all about whether you had a crane embroidered on your robes, or a jade or coral bead atop your tasselled hat. In Brussels, it is about being an AD 12 or 13 (and then which seniority step you enjoy). It could be worse, of course. The innermost sanctums of the Forbidden City were staffed by eunuchs. Some sacrifices, even the EU balks at.
Dit commentaarstuk verscheen oorspronkelijk in "The Economist".
Meer teksten van columnist Charlemagne op www.economist.com.
A close friend recently invited me over to see a private screening of Michael Moore’s new film, Capitalism: A Love Story. I was excited to see a “mainstream” film that was backed by big Hollywood bucks conclude capitalism is “evil.” Arguably the most successful documentarian ever -- a man who has made millions of dollars -- was going to legitimately make the case that there was an alternative to capitalism. I sat down in a packed theatre, eager to see how his vision could possibly flesh out. Moore is a rather simple guy. He is likable. He sees the world as good guys (people with no money) and bad guys (people with money). His Flint, Michigan, union-worker upbringing is at the heart of his perverted worldview. If you did not have that upbringing or if your life started less severe than his, you are an evil capitalist. If, on the other hand, you are a laid-off factory worker with a sixth-grade education, you are a true hero.
I don’t care one way or the other that he has that view and I am not knocking union workers, but Moore sees the world through a class-warfare lens resulting in a certain agenda: force wealth to be spread amongst everyone regardless of effort. Within minutes it was clear where Capitalism: A Love Story was headed. We listen to heartbreaking stories of foreclosed families across America -- but we don’t learn why the foreclosures happened. Did these people treat their homes as piggy banks? Was there refinancing on top of refinancing just to keep buying mall trinkets and other goodies with no respect to risk or logic? We don’t find out. We meet one family that is so desperate for money that they were willing to accept $1,000 for cleaning out the house that they were just evicted from. Was it sad? Yes. But should we end capitalism due to this one family in Peoria, Illinois?
We are introduced to a guy whose company, called Condo Vultures, is buying and selling foreclosed properties. Since he acted like a used car salesman, the implication was that he was an evil capitalist. However, Moore doesn’t tell us if his buyers were “working-class” people making smart buying decisions after prices had dropped. We listen to Catholic priests who denounce capitalism as an evil to be eradicated. What would they put in its place and how would the new system work? The priests don’t tell us. We learn that Walmart bought life insurance policies on many workers. We are then told to feel outrage when Walmart receives a large payout from an employee death while the family still struggles with bills. I saw where Moore was heading here, but is this a reason to end capitalism?
We hear a story from a commercial pilot so low on money that he has to use food stamps. Moore points out that many pilots are making less than Taco Bell managers and then attributes a recent plane crash in Buffalo to underpaid pilots. This one crash is extrapolated as yet another reason to end capitalism. I was pleasantly surprised at Moore’s attempt at balance. For example, he included a carpenter who, while boarding up a foreclosed home, says, “If people pay their bills, they don’t get thrown out.” There is also a dressing-down of Senator Chris Dodd by name. Moore called out a top Democrat? He sure did. He nailed him. There is a lengthy dissertation on the evils of Goldman Sachs. He rips Robert Rubin and Hank Paulson big time, and I agree with him. In fact, I said to myself, “Moore, you should have done your whole film on Goldman Sachs!” Throughout the various stories and interviews he also weaves a conspiracy theory (all Moore films do this).
The plot goes something like this: America won World War II and quickly dominated because there was no competition (Germany and Japan were destroyed). We had great postwar success where everyone lived in union-like equality. Jobs were plentiful and families were happy. However, things started to go bad in the 1970s -- here Moore uses a snippet of President Carter preaching about greed. This clip was predictably building to Moore’s big reason for all of today’s problems: the Reagan Revolution. Moore sees Reagan entering the scene as a shill for corporate-banking interests. However, everyone is happy as the good times roll all the way through into the Clinton era. Moore does take subtle shots at President Clinton, but nails his right-hand economic man, Larry Summers, directly as a primary reason for the banking collapse. While Moore sees Japan and Germany today as socialistic winners where corporations benefit workers more than shareholders, he sees America sinking fast. So is that it? That was the proof that capitalism is an evil to eliminate? Essentially, yes, that’s Moore’s proof.
What is his solution? Tugging on your idealistic heartstrings of course! Moore ends his film with recently uncovered video of FDR talking to America on January 11, 1944. Looking into the camera, a weary FDR proposed what he called a second Bill of Rights—an economic Bill of Rights. As FDR concluded and the film ended, I was shocked at the reaction. The theater of 400-plus spectators stood and cheered wildly at FDR’s 1944 proposal. The questions running through my head were immediate: how does one legislate words like useful, enough, recreation, adequate, decent, and good? Who decides all of this and to what degree? Interestingly, during the Q&A, Adriana Huffington and Michael Moore discussed bank-failure fears during the fall of 2008. They asked for a show of hands of how many people moved money around or attempted to protect against a bank failure.
I had the only hand that went up. Figuring someone else must see the problems with this film, I started poking around the net for other views. One critic declared that the value of the film was not in the moviemaking, but in its message that hits you in the gut and makes you angry. This film did not make me angry, but it did punch me in the gut. The people in that theater, including Moore, were not bad people. They just seem to all have consumed a lethal dose of Kool-Aid. At the end, Moore pushed the audience to understand that while they don’t have the money, they do have the vote. He implored them to use their vote to take money from one group to give it to another group. Did he really say that openly with no ambiguity? Yes, sadly.
Deze recensie van Michael Covel verscheen oorspronkelijk in het maandblad "The Free Market" en werd ook elders overgenomen.
Meer recensies van hem op www?thefreemarket.org.
I don’t care one way or the other that he has that view and I am not knocking union workers, but Moore sees the world through a class-warfare lens resulting in a certain agenda: force wealth to be spread amongst everyone regardless of effort. Within minutes it was clear where Capitalism: A Love Story was headed. We listen to heartbreaking stories of foreclosed families across America -- but we don’t learn why the foreclosures happened. Did these people treat their homes as piggy banks? Was there refinancing on top of refinancing just to keep buying mall trinkets and other goodies with no respect to risk or logic? We don’t find out. We meet one family that is so desperate for money that they were willing to accept $1,000 for cleaning out the house that they were just evicted from. Was it sad? Yes. But should we end capitalism due to this one family in Peoria, Illinois?
We are introduced to a guy whose company, called Condo Vultures, is buying and selling foreclosed properties. Since he acted like a used car salesman, the implication was that he was an evil capitalist. However, Moore doesn’t tell us if his buyers were “working-class” people making smart buying decisions after prices had dropped. We listen to Catholic priests who denounce capitalism as an evil to be eradicated. What would they put in its place and how would the new system work? The priests don’t tell us. We learn that Walmart bought life insurance policies on many workers. We are then told to feel outrage when Walmart receives a large payout from an employee death while the family still struggles with bills. I saw where Moore was heading here, but is this a reason to end capitalism?
We hear a story from a commercial pilot so low on money that he has to use food stamps. Moore points out that many pilots are making less than Taco Bell managers and then attributes a recent plane crash in Buffalo to underpaid pilots. This one crash is extrapolated as yet another reason to end capitalism. I was pleasantly surprised at Moore’s attempt at balance. For example, he included a carpenter who, while boarding up a foreclosed home, says, “If people pay their bills, they don’t get thrown out.” There is also a dressing-down of Senator Chris Dodd by name. Moore called out a top Democrat? He sure did. He nailed him. There is a lengthy dissertation on the evils of Goldman Sachs. He rips Robert Rubin and Hank Paulson big time, and I agree with him. In fact, I said to myself, “Moore, you should have done your whole film on Goldman Sachs!” Throughout the various stories and interviews he also weaves a conspiracy theory (all Moore films do this).
The plot goes something like this: America won World War II and quickly dominated because there was no competition (Germany and Japan were destroyed). We had great postwar success where everyone lived in union-like equality. Jobs were plentiful and families were happy. However, things started to go bad in the 1970s -- here Moore uses a snippet of President Carter preaching about greed. This clip was predictably building to Moore’s big reason for all of today’s problems: the Reagan Revolution. Moore sees Reagan entering the scene as a shill for corporate-banking interests. However, everyone is happy as the good times roll all the way through into the Clinton era. Moore does take subtle shots at President Clinton, but nails his right-hand economic man, Larry Summers, directly as a primary reason for the banking collapse. While Moore sees Japan and Germany today as socialistic winners where corporations benefit workers more than shareholders, he sees America sinking fast. So is that it? That was the proof that capitalism is an evil to eliminate? Essentially, yes, that’s Moore’s proof.
What is his solution? Tugging on your idealistic heartstrings of course! Moore ends his film with recently uncovered video of FDR talking to America on January 11, 1944. Looking into the camera, a weary FDR proposed what he called a second Bill of Rights—an economic Bill of Rights. As FDR concluded and the film ended, I was shocked at the reaction. The theater of 400-plus spectators stood and cheered wildly at FDR’s 1944 proposal. The questions running through my head were immediate: how does one legislate words like useful, enough, recreation, adequate, decent, and good? Who decides all of this and to what degree? Interestingly, during the Q&A, Adriana Huffington and Michael Moore discussed bank-failure fears during the fall of 2008. They asked for a show of hands of how many people moved money around or attempted to protect against a bank failure.
I had the only hand that went up. Figuring someone else must see the problems with this film, I started poking around the net for other views. One critic declared that the value of the film was not in the moviemaking, but in its message that hits you in the gut and makes you angry. This film did not make me angry, but it did punch me in the gut. The people in that theater, including Moore, were not bad people. They just seem to all have consumed a lethal dose of Kool-Aid. At the end, Moore pushed the audience to understand that while they don’t have the money, they do have the vote. He implored them to use their vote to take money from one group to give it to another group. Did he really say that openly with no ambiguity? Yes, sadly.
Deze recensie van Michael Covel verscheen oorspronkelijk in het maandblad "The Free Market" en werd ook elders overgenomen.
Meer recensies van hem op www?thefreemarket.org.
The greens are not just treehuggers anymore. They've been browbeating us to recycle, eat soy, save energy, drive less, ride the bus, and a thousand other ways to "act local" for many years now. Now they've even got a hip new huckster on the big screen: "No Impact Man," your conductor on a first-class guilt trip to ecoland. Despite the mass popularity of their cause, I don't think they're satisfied. They want to control us. If we don't watch out, these people hell-bent on saving the planet are going to end up micromanaging our daily lives. The idea of sustainability itself sounds pretty benign -- it merely implies that people ought to be forward thinking, prudent, and thrifty in their use of economic resources. And I'm OK with this basic idea -- on the surface, it sounds like simple wisdom, in league with similarly bland and benevolent values like responsibility and generosity.
But deep down, there's something unsettling about the basic premise of sustainability. Sustainability advocates -- let's call them "sustainists" -- are damning in their fervor, poise, and rhetoric. Their ideology is pregnant with an accusation that the way things currently are is somehow unsustainable. There's an alarmism here which essentially claims, "there's a crisis, it's your fault for being ignorant, irrational, and greedy. You must do as we say to fix it, or we'll all die." This alarmist crusade, which underlies the sustainability movement, should rankle people with an economic understanding of the world. A basic tenet of economics is that markets are self-correcting and orderly; prices indicate resource constraints and guide people in economizing on their use. Prices change as underlying supply and demand conditions change, inducing appropriate adjustments in consumption and production patterns. Prices channel the profit motive -- a natural aspect of the human condition -- into productive and innovative activities. In short, prices work. Sustainists are either ignorant or in denial of this basic lesson. Either way, we economists have our work cut out for us.
The sustainists' lament
The gist of the problem, as the sustainists see it, is that people are using resources irresponsibly -- either using them up too fast, using too much of them, or using them in a way that will have negative long-term ramifications. In brief, sustainists disapprove of other peoples' actions, and are taking steps to correct their wayward brethren. Because these wasteful others, through either ignorance, laziness, or stubbornness, will not wake up and adopt sustainable practices on their own, sustainists see the need for a self-conscious effort -- organized campaigns, eco–guilt trips, and yes, even laws -- to correct this misuse of resources. We need to change our patterns of action; we need a motivating force beyond mere "economic self-interest" (the profit motive). Sustainability then became a full-fledged crusade to "save the planet" and if you're no part of the solution, you're part of the problem.
Let's interpret this through the lens of economics. Sustainability arguments fall under one of two broad categories: (1) the nonrenewable resources argument that the supplies of certain important resources are shrinking; by the time people realize this it will be "too late" -- resource shortages will strain the capitalist economies to the breaking point; (2) the climate-change argument that there are large, though delayed, negative externalities to current patterns of resource use. Whatever their type, sustainability arguments invoke market failure. Indeed, the very practices cited as unsustainable arise on the free market. Therefore some outside corrective, whether aggressive moral suasion or economic regulation, is needed to prevent the impending catastrophe of unsustainable resource use.
Are prices not sufficient?
I don't want to dwell on the particulars of the sustainability movement. There are dozens of manifestations, from green building to organic farming to mandatory recycling to decarbonization — indeed, the sustainability bandwagon (which of course is painted green and powered by renewable energy) seems infinitely expandable to include every industry and interest group under the sun. Instead, I want to draw out the essential implications of the sustainability movement. The sustainability movement is an assault on economics. It claims at its core that prices don't operate through time to direct consumption and production decisions in a sustainable way. A lesson in basic economics should suffice to defend against the sustainists' attack. Prices arise in the market economy as a concomitant of mutually beneficial exchange. People want things that improve their lives -- we call this value. Some valuable things are more scarce than others; take the classic case of water and diamonds. In absolute terms, water is more valuable than diamonds: you don't need diamonds to live.
Yet water is, pound for pound, far cheaper. Why? Although it's valuable, it is also relatively abundant; in many parts of the world, it literally does fall from the sky. The price of any good reflects this combination of value and scarcity. We're willing to pay more for valuable things as they become relatively scarce (e.g., oil); and we needn't pay as much for valuable things as they become more abundant (e.g., grain). Likewise, as scarce things lose their value, people are no longer willing to pay for them (e.g., typewriters), and people must pay more for scarce things that suddenly become sought after (e.g., vintage Michael Jackson records). The awesome thing about prices is that they seamlessly convey this combination of facts about an item's value (demand) and it's scarcity (supply). Prices, of course, are subject to change — prices of certain goods fluctuate every day. But this is a good thing; discernable trends in prices over time indicate relative changes in the "market fundamentals" of supply and demand.
In this sense, prices reliably guide individuals, both consumers and producers, toward a rational use of resources. Savvy consumers listen to the prices; a rising price trend tells them to cut back on that particular item, and a falling price tells them to go ahead and use a little more of it. The same basic logic applies on the production side. Entrepreneurs, driven by the profit motive, are like bloodhounds sniffing out these price trends in search of profit opportunities -- chances to create value through exchange. If the price of a good trends strongly upwards over time (indicating it has become scarcer and/or more valuable), they rush to find cheaper substitutes. The cheaper the substitutes, the higher the profits to be had, especially if you're the first to market. If prices trend downwards over time (indicating that the resource is becoming more abundant relative to its usefulness), entrepreneurs devote their efforts elsewhere.
The general outcome of these economic processes is captured by the statement "prices coordinate." In other words, the price system acts as an "invisible hand," guiding people -- both consumers and producers -- in their economic actions. The real beauty of this free-market price system is that it brings about its own kind of sustainability. This is not so much sustainability in the use of particular resources — for particular goods fall in and out of favor according to supply and demand factors -- but sustainability of high economic growth and high standards of living in the economically developed, capitalist economies.
Take, as an example, the transition in the market for interior illumination: tallow candles were replaced by whale-oil lamps, which were replaced by kerosene lamps, which were replaced by incandescent bulbs powered by electricity. There was no social or political pressure needed to accomplish this evolution; there was no "peak whale oil" movement, no kerosene conservationists, no sustainability crusade of yore. All it took was a functional price system, combined with the ever-present entrepreneurial drive for profits under a competitive, free-market order. Likewise, while sustainists and other worrywarts fret about resource depletion, the price system remains functional, quietly yet assuredly guiding individuals to economize on resources, search out profitable substitutes, and anticipate future trends. All this happens without preaching, without crusades, and without activism.
Is the sustainability crusade sustainable?
How long will sustainists be able to beat their drum, simultaneously trumpeting their greener-than-thou self-image and attempting, with varying degrees of coercion, to make the rest of us act "sustainable" too? With the global warming scare losing credibility by the day, the likelihood of sustainists being able to claim even a moral victory is fading. Barring the earth melting down from a little bit of smoke, I'm not too worried about sustainists having much of a long-run impact. Hardcore sustainists are asking for a radically disruptive change from the natural order of the free-market economy. They're asking us to forego wealth and embrace privation in the name of their cause. Although citizens of the Western democracies have seemingly become easy marks for anything green, we will only go so far toward saving the planet, especially when it becomes apparent that sustainability requires a march toward poverty and a deeply regimented and regulated society (and that the planet's not really in peril, after all).
Also, and perhaps more importantly, people in developing countries will be increasingly turned off by the sustainists' demands for sacrifice. Having just arrived at the high living standards that long-term capitalist development yields, my sense is that they will turn a cold shoulder to the idea of ratcheting down their development. The current resurgence of the classical-liberal tradition in economics will also reduce the appeal of sustainability. The idea of imposed or centrally planned sustainability will crumble under the realization that the spontaneous order wrought by the invisible hand of the free-market price system is amazingly sustainable. Add to the mix the hardships of the current recession, and it won't be long before enough people, even sustainist crusaders come crawling back, box of chocolates in hand, to the free-market economy.
Dit artikel van Tyler Watts verscheen oorspronkelijk in de VS bij het "Ludwig von Mises Institute" en de "George Mason University".
Meer teksten van deze Amerikaanse econoom op www.mises.org.
But deep down, there's something unsettling about the basic premise of sustainability. Sustainability advocates -- let's call them "sustainists" -- are damning in their fervor, poise, and rhetoric. Their ideology is pregnant with an accusation that the way things currently are is somehow unsustainable. There's an alarmism here which essentially claims, "there's a crisis, it's your fault for being ignorant, irrational, and greedy. You must do as we say to fix it, or we'll all die." This alarmist crusade, which underlies the sustainability movement, should rankle people with an economic understanding of the world. A basic tenet of economics is that markets are self-correcting and orderly; prices indicate resource constraints and guide people in economizing on their use. Prices change as underlying supply and demand conditions change, inducing appropriate adjustments in consumption and production patterns. Prices channel the profit motive -- a natural aspect of the human condition -- into productive and innovative activities. In short, prices work. Sustainists are either ignorant or in denial of this basic lesson. Either way, we economists have our work cut out for us.
The sustainists' lament
The gist of the problem, as the sustainists see it, is that people are using resources irresponsibly -- either using them up too fast, using too much of them, or using them in a way that will have negative long-term ramifications. In brief, sustainists disapprove of other peoples' actions, and are taking steps to correct their wayward brethren. Because these wasteful others, through either ignorance, laziness, or stubbornness, will not wake up and adopt sustainable practices on their own, sustainists see the need for a self-conscious effort -- organized campaigns, eco–guilt trips, and yes, even laws -- to correct this misuse of resources. We need to change our patterns of action; we need a motivating force beyond mere "economic self-interest" (the profit motive). Sustainability then became a full-fledged crusade to "save the planet" and if you're no part of the solution, you're part of the problem.
Let's interpret this through the lens of economics. Sustainability arguments fall under one of two broad categories: (1) the nonrenewable resources argument that the supplies of certain important resources are shrinking; by the time people realize this it will be "too late" -- resource shortages will strain the capitalist economies to the breaking point; (2) the climate-change argument that there are large, though delayed, negative externalities to current patterns of resource use. Whatever their type, sustainability arguments invoke market failure. Indeed, the very practices cited as unsustainable arise on the free market. Therefore some outside corrective, whether aggressive moral suasion or economic regulation, is needed to prevent the impending catastrophe of unsustainable resource use.
Are prices not sufficient?
I don't want to dwell on the particulars of the sustainability movement. There are dozens of manifestations, from green building to organic farming to mandatory recycling to decarbonization — indeed, the sustainability bandwagon (which of course is painted green and powered by renewable energy) seems infinitely expandable to include every industry and interest group under the sun. Instead, I want to draw out the essential implications of the sustainability movement. The sustainability movement is an assault on economics. It claims at its core that prices don't operate through time to direct consumption and production decisions in a sustainable way. A lesson in basic economics should suffice to defend against the sustainists' attack. Prices arise in the market economy as a concomitant of mutually beneficial exchange. People want things that improve their lives -- we call this value. Some valuable things are more scarce than others; take the classic case of water and diamonds. In absolute terms, water is more valuable than diamonds: you don't need diamonds to live.
Yet water is, pound for pound, far cheaper. Why? Although it's valuable, it is also relatively abundant; in many parts of the world, it literally does fall from the sky. The price of any good reflects this combination of value and scarcity. We're willing to pay more for valuable things as they become relatively scarce (e.g., oil); and we needn't pay as much for valuable things as they become more abundant (e.g., grain). Likewise, as scarce things lose their value, people are no longer willing to pay for them (e.g., typewriters), and people must pay more for scarce things that suddenly become sought after (e.g., vintage Michael Jackson records). The awesome thing about prices is that they seamlessly convey this combination of facts about an item's value (demand) and it's scarcity (supply). Prices, of course, are subject to change — prices of certain goods fluctuate every day. But this is a good thing; discernable trends in prices over time indicate relative changes in the "market fundamentals" of supply and demand.
In this sense, prices reliably guide individuals, both consumers and producers, toward a rational use of resources. Savvy consumers listen to the prices; a rising price trend tells them to cut back on that particular item, and a falling price tells them to go ahead and use a little more of it. The same basic logic applies on the production side. Entrepreneurs, driven by the profit motive, are like bloodhounds sniffing out these price trends in search of profit opportunities -- chances to create value through exchange. If the price of a good trends strongly upwards over time (indicating it has become scarcer and/or more valuable), they rush to find cheaper substitutes. The cheaper the substitutes, the higher the profits to be had, especially if you're the first to market. If prices trend downwards over time (indicating that the resource is becoming more abundant relative to its usefulness), entrepreneurs devote their efforts elsewhere.
The general outcome of these economic processes is captured by the statement "prices coordinate." In other words, the price system acts as an "invisible hand," guiding people -- both consumers and producers -- in their economic actions. The real beauty of this free-market price system is that it brings about its own kind of sustainability. This is not so much sustainability in the use of particular resources — for particular goods fall in and out of favor according to supply and demand factors -- but sustainability of high economic growth and high standards of living in the economically developed, capitalist economies.
Take, as an example, the transition in the market for interior illumination: tallow candles were replaced by whale-oil lamps, which were replaced by kerosene lamps, which were replaced by incandescent bulbs powered by electricity. There was no social or political pressure needed to accomplish this evolution; there was no "peak whale oil" movement, no kerosene conservationists, no sustainability crusade of yore. All it took was a functional price system, combined with the ever-present entrepreneurial drive for profits under a competitive, free-market order. Likewise, while sustainists and other worrywarts fret about resource depletion, the price system remains functional, quietly yet assuredly guiding individuals to economize on resources, search out profitable substitutes, and anticipate future trends. All this happens without preaching, without crusades, and without activism.
Is the sustainability crusade sustainable?
How long will sustainists be able to beat their drum, simultaneously trumpeting their greener-than-thou self-image and attempting, with varying degrees of coercion, to make the rest of us act "sustainable" too? With the global warming scare losing credibility by the day, the likelihood of sustainists being able to claim even a moral victory is fading. Barring the earth melting down from a little bit of smoke, I'm not too worried about sustainists having much of a long-run impact. Hardcore sustainists are asking for a radically disruptive change from the natural order of the free-market economy. They're asking us to forego wealth and embrace privation in the name of their cause. Although citizens of the Western democracies have seemingly become easy marks for anything green, we will only go so far toward saving the planet, especially when it becomes apparent that sustainability requires a march toward poverty and a deeply regimented and regulated society (and that the planet's not really in peril, after all).
Also, and perhaps more importantly, people in developing countries will be increasingly turned off by the sustainists' demands for sacrifice. Having just arrived at the high living standards that long-term capitalist development yields, my sense is that they will turn a cold shoulder to the idea of ratcheting down their development. The current resurgence of the classical-liberal tradition in economics will also reduce the appeal of sustainability. The idea of imposed or centrally planned sustainability will crumble under the realization that the spontaneous order wrought by the invisible hand of the free-market price system is amazingly sustainable. Add to the mix the hardships of the current recession, and it won't be long before enough people, even sustainist crusaders come crawling back, box of chocolates in hand, to the free-market economy.
Dit artikel van Tyler Watts verscheen oorspronkelijk in de VS bij het "Ludwig von Mises Institute" en de "George Mason University".
Meer teksten van deze Amerikaanse econoom op www.mises.org.
Climate change and the suppression of scientific debate
6 Reacties Gepubliceerd door Vincent De RoeckAs the U.N. Conference in Copenhagen gathers momentum, we can anticipate an increase of finger-pointing and awareness-raising. What is the motivation of this behaviour, and why is the volume of climate campaigning increasing? What is often overlooked is how the money tied into launching the green economy has led to a cosy relationship between governments, (state-funded) NGOs, some scientists and alert industrial lobby groups. This advantageous relationship can only continue to thrive so long as the public remains afraid of impending climate catastrophe and is made willing to sacrifice economic resources and personal comforts for this shared quest. Is history repeating itself? In 1961, U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower gave an alarming farewell address warning that the political-military-industrial (Congressional) complex was threatening democracy and leading to a disastrous rise of misplaced power.
In the 1950s, a cosy relationship had developed between arms manufacturers, the military, government procurement and the congressional districts benefiting from the increased jobs brought in via the weapons industry. The key to keeping the money and power flowing through these channels was to ensure that the public fear of the imminent threat of Communism was kept at a hysterical level. Kennedy tried with limited success to undo this “internal threat to democracy”. With the public fear of the imminent threat of global warming, we have today the formation of an environmental-industrial complex, made up of NGOs, legislators, scientists and industries involved in developing the green economy. Open debate and democratic choices are getting more difficult as money and interests take over, and use public fear as a means to generate opportunity. Fear is a very useful political tool. It provides governments with legitimacy, NGOs with fundraising opportunities and companies with potential new markets. Some would argue that societies need a generalized fear to thrive (part of an Armageddon complex deeply rooted in our DNA).
Climate change fears have been stoked for more than a decade, to the point that it has, echoing Eisenhower, an “economic, political and spiritual influence” on humanity. Climate concern has crept into every day conversations, shopping decisions and moral valuations. When it rains, or snows, or if the wind blows, weather is part of the climate narrative, as is debates on energy, transportation and food. Like the threat of Communism in the 1950s, climate today purveys culture. Fear can also become irrational; something that can be a very dangerous political tool should the juggernaut get out of control. The need to tackle climate change has been championed by anti-globalisation activists, vegetarians, forest campaigners, scientists, corporate CEOs, Hollywood actors … pretty well everyone. It has been presented as a spontaneous global movement to save the world: a war on climate where we are all enlisted as soldiers. Those who disagree or feel that resources should be directed elsewhere are branded as traitors.
The Green Economy
The main solution for us to save the world is to change the way we do things: to decarbonise, which in a carbon-based global economy, implies a radical revolution. The call for a revolution was sounded by an influential American technology activist and critic, Jeremy Rifkin. At an EU Open Days event in October 2009, Rifkin called to change how energy is to be produced and distributed: no longer from large-scale carbon-based energy generators leaving energy to waste on a large grid, but rather from a distributive system of small, locally produced (green, renewable) roof-top generators put onto a smart grid. A smart grid would be complemented by appliances that would only switch on when energy supply was more abundant and less expensive (evidently solving our problem of irregular supply from green-energy sources). With this revolutionary distributive energy, we could remove our dependence on carbon-based and nuclear energy in the coming decade.
His arguments echo, almost word for word, a press release from General Electric on 14 July 2009, after a GE scientific conference on the smart grid at its research centre in upstate New York. GE has been developing smart appliances, domestic energy management systems and small scale renewable generators in preparation for this revolution. For GE, the motivation is clear. Its Eco-Imagination strategy has bet the firm's future on the continued growth of green energy and smart-grid integration (as well as stimulus cash and green subsidies). They are working cross-stakeholder with scientists and NGOs to communicate the urgency of this need to revolutionize energy.
Other “green energy” companies have become dependent on the continued funding from governments. Smart grids are going to cost a lot, renewable energy may never turn a profit without subsidies, the research costs are going to be enormous. The money has to keep on flowing, we are told, otherwise the planet will burn and future generations will look at our present-day leadership and mutter what a disaster these minnows were. Nobody seems to be standing up to say: “Stop this madness!” Unfortunately, there is no money and no incentive for anyone to take the courage to do so. The only thing they would do is open themselves up to personal attack from the environmental-industrial complex already at the trough of subsidies, incentives and stimulus measures.
The War on Climate: not the place for open debate
Truth is the first casualty of war. Scientists who feel that the models are inaccurate or that the perceived and predicted warming is not necessarily due to human activity (that the sun or oceans could possibly play more of a role in climate than man) have been branded sceptics, contrarians or in the paid pocket of industry. Some have been excluded from scientific bodies given that their thinking is contrary to the prevailing consensus. Consensus-making is a political act, not a scientific one. Science encourages disputes and testing to see if theories can resist falsification. Limiting or denying free and open scientific debate because of political impetus for consensus does not improve the reputation of science. When motives and reputation come in (this is the first open scientific dispute of the Internet age), scientific methodology is compromised – science is compromised. The emails that were recently leaked from the University of East Anglia (one of the leading climate science institutions) showed climatologists expressing personal views about climate skeptics and admitting that their data was not sound enough (and needed some “tricks”). This is a crisis of credibility and the evidence of “climate spin” shows just how far science has fallen from the level of offering objective expertise.
The present leadership of the IPCC has not done much to restore the reputation of scientific validity and evidence-based advice. IPCC chairman, Rajendra Pachauri, has publicly declared that rich countries will have to pay reparations to poor countries, he moonlights as a member of the Indian Prime Minister’s advisory council on climate change, and declares at a vegetarian conference inflated numbers of the amount of CO2 produced by the beef industry. He does not seem to recognise any conflict of interest in these activities, or that he has become more politician than scientist. After Copenhagen, Pachauri should be fired; instead he has a Nobel Prize hanging on his wall.
The NGOs are also rather aggressive when it comes to protecting environmental information from any open discussion or dialogue with people who might be questioning their evidence. Greenpeace members have been particularly severe on one of their founders, Patrick Moore, for considering nuclear energy as a viable energy source. When Bjorn Lomborg published his book, The Skeptical Environmentalist, suggesting that money could be better spent on other pressing needs than the hopeless task of reversing global warming, NGOs took to the offence and ensured that the Danish academy no longer considered him as a scientist (he was a statistician after all!). Arguments against green positions are often met with rancour and insult rather than facts and rational debate. I am curious as to what the Green-shirts will do to poor James Lovelock for recently referring to environmentalist arguments on renewable energy as “silly theories”.
Ecological Lifecycle Assessments
What is lacking in so many of the ‘green’ technology debates is a clear eLCA -- an ecological lifecycle assessment. Solutions are provided to perceived environmental problems without taking into account full environmental effects (especially real CO2 emissions). We have “ecological” washing products that demand that we wash our clothes at higher water temperatures. We insist on recycling certain materials (at a high energy and water cost) rather than recovering the product’s energy through incineration. We promote solar energy as a carbon-free source of energy without taking into account the amount of energy required to purify the silicon and other production costs. The only real eLCA that was performed recently was for the production of biofuels as a carbon-neutral fuel alternative after their real environmental impact was leading to serious global consequences (from food supply to increased CO2 to land distribution issues).
Like any religion, the environmental feel-good effects of saving the planet blind us from even wanting to look more closely at the facts of our lifestyle and real environmental consequences. These eco-solutions put off making harder choices. Rather than recycling, we should use less stuff. We don’t need to use so much energy. Green technologies promise us that we don’t have to make these choices and we can still feel good pretending that we are doing good (all we have to do is change a light-bulb). And governments are not shy to reinforce this perception with green incentives that put their own role in a benign light. The Rifkin-GE strategy of a micro-electricity power plant on every roof seems idealistic to the eco-religious, but how does it hold up under an eLCA? Economies of scale in energy production would suggest that a single nuclear site would produce more energy more ecologically efficiently than manufacturing and maintaining 300,000 generators (unless, of course, you are making and selling these little eco-pods).
What is more sinister is what this strategy will do to energy supply philosophy, where until now access to energy supply was considered a basic right in advanced economies. As only richer neighbourhoods will be able to afford these roof-top generators, we can expect non-stop energy stream to become a luxury item once we “make the switch” to renewables. The majority of the population will have to deal with a schedule of rotating “brown-outs” (UK officials are openly predicting this). The public is starting to become sensitised to this eventuality with such campaigns like WWF’s Earth Hour. The environmental-industrial complex is preparing for the next stage – as freezers risk becoming obsolete in the brown-out society, new appliances will be marketed to consumers with built in battery reserves. There is more money to be made from such consequences.
Policies for Clunkers
Perhaps the most blatant example of a lack of eLCA consciousness (and evidence of the environmental-industrial complex at work) can be found in the recent automotive policies. Faced with concern of the impact of our unsustainable automotive culture on the environment and the threatened demise of inefficient automakers: what was our solution? Build more cars! The various “cash for clunkers” programmes around the world seemed like a win-win for everyone: older, more polluting cars taken off the road, more jobs created throughout the supply chain, benign governments seen at work as environmental stewards … the only real loser seems to have been the environment.
A simple eLCA would indicate that around one third of the CO2 a car produces in its lifespan is from its production process (the smelting of steel, the tires, electronics, assembly …). Add in the costs of recycling the clunkers that were taken off the road well before the end of their productive lives, and we are looking at almost half of the CO2 released into the environment before you even fill up the tank. But wouldn’t that look better once we factor in more ecological cars like hybrids? The hybrid battery production (and producing a car with two motors!) is even more costly to the environment. So long as we defy the need to do eLCAs, hybrid drivers will continue to be looked upon as environmental demi-gods rather than mass polluters. Rather than governments giving cash to put new cars on the road (and create more CO2), there should have been a push to keep cars on the road longer and providing means for them to run cleaner. But this logical answer goes up against the mentality of the environmental-industrial complex so we can anticipate more environmental waste and little discussion of the real environmental issues.
Now governments are even using twisted data that suggests that eating beef is worse for the planet than driving a car (ergo, cars are good). Shouldn’t our watchdogs, the NGOs, be doing more to get cars off the road (not just for climate change, but to lower the road death statistics, noise pollution and air pollution levels that would make any toxics campaigner blush)? A scan of Greenpeace, Friends of the Earth and WWF would show them disturbingly silent here. The public is not prepared to contribute money to these organisations so that their cars could be restricted or taxed, and in any case it is fruitless to try to terrify car-owners about the risks of their cars.
What if we are wrong?
Before people jump to conclusions about my moral fibre, I agree there is a genuine societal worth in saving energy and planting trees and these practices must be encouraged whenever possible, just as we should encourage hygiene and politeness. But if we promote these virtues for political ends that affect other ends (global poverty, diseases, economic viability, societal progress), then we had better be right in our declarations. Evidence is emerging to suggest that our experts have been wrong. Last summer’s Antarctic ice melt was the lowest since satellite imaging began. This was not predicted in any modelling and suggests that the sea-level rise predictions have been exaggerated. But the publication of this information by Tedesco and Monaghan in Geophysical Research Letters, has been largely ignored by climatologists. Secondly, there has been a cooling trend since 1998 (global temperatures have been going down rather than up).
This evidence has been met with many explanations and dire warnings that although this may be true, once this oceanic cooling phase ends, it is going to get even hotter faster. (During the last ocean cooling phase that peaked in the 1970s, scientists were predicting an ice age.) Mother Nature is entering the climate debate, and rather than us celebrating having avoided the worst-case warming scenarios, the environmental-industrial complex is ratcheting up the fear index. The leaked emails from the University of East Anglia show that scientists have been playing “tricks” with the data for quite some time now. What would happen to all of the climate research funding UEA receives should there be less concern about global warming?
The precautionary principle as espoused by NGOs like Greenpeace and Friends of the Earth (and presently being lobbied on EU policy-makers and retail companies) does not accommodate responsibility for any consequences from needless avoidance. “Better safe than sorry” translates into an attitude of “never mind if, in the end, we were proven to be wrong”. Being wrong does not seem to matter if you are trying to save the planet. In any case, our emerging eco-religion, like all religions before it, keeps facts at arm’s length. It is not that NGOs and climate scientists are lying. Rather, enamoured by the benign nature of their mission, their decision-making process has perhaps been clouded by their high sense of urgency, emotion and ego. Someone should tell them that in the greater scheme of things, man is not so significant, not when compared to the climatic influence of oceans, our planet or the sun. Such is our hubris today to even think we are of the same stature and can affect climate in the same way as sun or sea.
We are in a world of finite resources (at a time of economic crisis) where all of our focus seems to be on this noble project of cooling our planet, with industry pulling in public funds to build cathedrals of ecological inutility. At the same time, every day almost 3000 people (mostly children and mostly in Africa) die from malaria; 2000 die from TB (once again, that is every day). Hunger rates are rising and experts are predicting dire consequences (although policy opportunists are trying to pin that on climate change rather than the evident lack of investment in agricultural technologies and development). Being wrong on climate matters (and reflects the irresponsibility of policy-makers – too weak to stand up to the environmental-industrial complex).
These daily silent deaths can easily be avoided with investments far less significant than that given to organisations to try to reverse our planetary and solar patterns as well as other stimulus-driven eco-follies. Unfortunately, children in Africa are not part of the strategy of the environmental-industrial complex so the only funds they receive seem to come from private charities -- enough to make some of us feel better, but certainly not enough to do anything concrete. And anyway, we keep telling ourselves that the potentially catastrophic consequences of climate change on children in Africa will be far worse than malaria, TB and starvation. So deeply have we been affected by this fear of climate change that even evidence of our being wrong cannot seem right. How can we break free of this environmental-industrial complex? Eisenhower could not. Nor could Kennedy. Obama is encouraging it. It seems our only hope is for Mother Nature to continue to confuse us and for contrarian scientists to continue to show courage.
Dit artikel van David Zaruk verscheen eerst in "New Europe".
Meer teksten van deze auteur op www.new-europe.eu.
In the 1950s, a cosy relationship had developed between arms manufacturers, the military, government procurement and the congressional districts benefiting from the increased jobs brought in via the weapons industry. The key to keeping the money and power flowing through these channels was to ensure that the public fear of the imminent threat of Communism was kept at a hysterical level. Kennedy tried with limited success to undo this “internal threat to democracy”. With the public fear of the imminent threat of global warming, we have today the formation of an environmental-industrial complex, made up of NGOs, legislators, scientists and industries involved in developing the green economy. Open debate and democratic choices are getting more difficult as money and interests take over, and use public fear as a means to generate opportunity. Fear is a very useful political tool. It provides governments with legitimacy, NGOs with fundraising opportunities and companies with potential new markets. Some would argue that societies need a generalized fear to thrive (part of an Armageddon complex deeply rooted in our DNA).
Climate change fears have been stoked for more than a decade, to the point that it has, echoing Eisenhower, an “economic, political and spiritual influence” on humanity. Climate concern has crept into every day conversations, shopping decisions and moral valuations. When it rains, or snows, or if the wind blows, weather is part of the climate narrative, as is debates on energy, transportation and food. Like the threat of Communism in the 1950s, climate today purveys culture. Fear can also become irrational; something that can be a very dangerous political tool should the juggernaut get out of control. The need to tackle climate change has been championed by anti-globalisation activists, vegetarians, forest campaigners, scientists, corporate CEOs, Hollywood actors … pretty well everyone. It has been presented as a spontaneous global movement to save the world: a war on climate where we are all enlisted as soldiers. Those who disagree or feel that resources should be directed elsewhere are branded as traitors.
The Green Economy
The main solution for us to save the world is to change the way we do things: to decarbonise, which in a carbon-based global economy, implies a radical revolution. The call for a revolution was sounded by an influential American technology activist and critic, Jeremy Rifkin. At an EU Open Days event in October 2009, Rifkin called to change how energy is to be produced and distributed: no longer from large-scale carbon-based energy generators leaving energy to waste on a large grid, but rather from a distributive system of small, locally produced (green, renewable) roof-top generators put onto a smart grid. A smart grid would be complemented by appliances that would only switch on when energy supply was more abundant and less expensive (evidently solving our problem of irregular supply from green-energy sources). With this revolutionary distributive energy, we could remove our dependence on carbon-based and nuclear energy in the coming decade.
His arguments echo, almost word for word, a press release from General Electric on 14 July 2009, after a GE scientific conference on the smart grid at its research centre in upstate New York. GE has been developing smart appliances, domestic energy management systems and small scale renewable generators in preparation for this revolution. For GE, the motivation is clear. Its Eco-Imagination strategy has bet the firm's future on the continued growth of green energy and smart-grid integration (as well as stimulus cash and green subsidies). They are working cross-stakeholder with scientists and NGOs to communicate the urgency of this need to revolutionize energy.
Other “green energy” companies have become dependent on the continued funding from governments. Smart grids are going to cost a lot, renewable energy may never turn a profit without subsidies, the research costs are going to be enormous. The money has to keep on flowing, we are told, otherwise the planet will burn and future generations will look at our present-day leadership and mutter what a disaster these minnows were. Nobody seems to be standing up to say: “Stop this madness!” Unfortunately, there is no money and no incentive for anyone to take the courage to do so. The only thing they would do is open themselves up to personal attack from the environmental-industrial complex already at the trough of subsidies, incentives and stimulus measures.
The War on Climate: not the place for open debate
Truth is the first casualty of war. Scientists who feel that the models are inaccurate or that the perceived and predicted warming is not necessarily due to human activity (that the sun or oceans could possibly play more of a role in climate than man) have been branded sceptics, contrarians or in the paid pocket of industry. Some have been excluded from scientific bodies given that their thinking is contrary to the prevailing consensus. Consensus-making is a political act, not a scientific one. Science encourages disputes and testing to see if theories can resist falsification. Limiting or denying free and open scientific debate because of political impetus for consensus does not improve the reputation of science. When motives and reputation come in (this is the first open scientific dispute of the Internet age), scientific methodology is compromised – science is compromised. The emails that were recently leaked from the University of East Anglia (one of the leading climate science institutions) showed climatologists expressing personal views about climate skeptics and admitting that their data was not sound enough (and needed some “tricks”). This is a crisis of credibility and the evidence of “climate spin” shows just how far science has fallen from the level of offering objective expertise.
The present leadership of the IPCC has not done much to restore the reputation of scientific validity and evidence-based advice. IPCC chairman, Rajendra Pachauri, has publicly declared that rich countries will have to pay reparations to poor countries, he moonlights as a member of the Indian Prime Minister’s advisory council on climate change, and declares at a vegetarian conference inflated numbers of the amount of CO2 produced by the beef industry. He does not seem to recognise any conflict of interest in these activities, or that he has become more politician than scientist. After Copenhagen, Pachauri should be fired; instead he has a Nobel Prize hanging on his wall.
The NGOs are also rather aggressive when it comes to protecting environmental information from any open discussion or dialogue with people who might be questioning their evidence. Greenpeace members have been particularly severe on one of their founders, Patrick Moore, for considering nuclear energy as a viable energy source. When Bjorn Lomborg published his book, The Skeptical Environmentalist, suggesting that money could be better spent on other pressing needs than the hopeless task of reversing global warming, NGOs took to the offence and ensured that the Danish academy no longer considered him as a scientist (he was a statistician after all!). Arguments against green positions are often met with rancour and insult rather than facts and rational debate. I am curious as to what the Green-shirts will do to poor James Lovelock for recently referring to environmentalist arguments on renewable energy as “silly theories”.
Ecological Lifecycle Assessments
What is lacking in so many of the ‘green’ technology debates is a clear eLCA -- an ecological lifecycle assessment. Solutions are provided to perceived environmental problems without taking into account full environmental effects (especially real CO2 emissions). We have “ecological” washing products that demand that we wash our clothes at higher water temperatures. We insist on recycling certain materials (at a high energy and water cost) rather than recovering the product’s energy through incineration. We promote solar energy as a carbon-free source of energy without taking into account the amount of energy required to purify the silicon and other production costs. The only real eLCA that was performed recently was for the production of biofuels as a carbon-neutral fuel alternative after their real environmental impact was leading to serious global consequences (from food supply to increased CO2 to land distribution issues).
Like any religion, the environmental feel-good effects of saving the planet blind us from even wanting to look more closely at the facts of our lifestyle and real environmental consequences. These eco-solutions put off making harder choices. Rather than recycling, we should use less stuff. We don’t need to use so much energy. Green technologies promise us that we don’t have to make these choices and we can still feel good pretending that we are doing good (all we have to do is change a light-bulb). And governments are not shy to reinforce this perception with green incentives that put their own role in a benign light. The Rifkin-GE strategy of a micro-electricity power plant on every roof seems idealistic to the eco-religious, but how does it hold up under an eLCA? Economies of scale in energy production would suggest that a single nuclear site would produce more energy more ecologically efficiently than manufacturing and maintaining 300,000 generators (unless, of course, you are making and selling these little eco-pods).
What is more sinister is what this strategy will do to energy supply philosophy, where until now access to energy supply was considered a basic right in advanced economies. As only richer neighbourhoods will be able to afford these roof-top generators, we can expect non-stop energy stream to become a luxury item once we “make the switch” to renewables. The majority of the population will have to deal with a schedule of rotating “brown-outs” (UK officials are openly predicting this). The public is starting to become sensitised to this eventuality with such campaigns like WWF’s Earth Hour. The environmental-industrial complex is preparing for the next stage – as freezers risk becoming obsolete in the brown-out society, new appliances will be marketed to consumers with built in battery reserves. There is more money to be made from such consequences.
Policies for Clunkers
Perhaps the most blatant example of a lack of eLCA consciousness (and evidence of the environmental-industrial complex at work) can be found in the recent automotive policies. Faced with concern of the impact of our unsustainable automotive culture on the environment and the threatened demise of inefficient automakers: what was our solution? Build more cars! The various “cash for clunkers” programmes around the world seemed like a win-win for everyone: older, more polluting cars taken off the road, more jobs created throughout the supply chain, benign governments seen at work as environmental stewards … the only real loser seems to have been the environment.
A simple eLCA would indicate that around one third of the CO2 a car produces in its lifespan is from its production process (the smelting of steel, the tires, electronics, assembly …). Add in the costs of recycling the clunkers that were taken off the road well before the end of their productive lives, and we are looking at almost half of the CO2 released into the environment before you even fill up the tank. But wouldn’t that look better once we factor in more ecological cars like hybrids? The hybrid battery production (and producing a car with two motors!) is even more costly to the environment. So long as we defy the need to do eLCAs, hybrid drivers will continue to be looked upon as environmental demi-gods rather than mass polluters. Rather than governments giving cash to put new cars on the road (and create more CO2), there should have been a push to keep cars on the road longer and providing means for them to run cleaner. But this logical answer goes up against the mentality of the environmental-industrial complex so we can anticipate more environmental waste and little discussion of the real environmental issues.
Now governments are even using twisted data that suggests that eating beef is worse for the planet than driving a car (ergo, cars are good). Shouldn’t our watchdogs, the NGOs, be doing more to get cars off the road (not just for climate change, but to lower the road death statistics, noise pollution and air pollution levels that would make any toxics campaigner blush)? A scan of Greenpeace, Friends of the Earth and WWF would show them disturbingly silent here. The public is not prepared to contribute money to these organisations so that their cars could be restricted or taxed, and in any case it is fruitless to try to terrify car-owners about the risks of their cars.
What if we are wrong?
Before people jump to conclusions about my moral fibre, I agree there is a genuine societal worth in saving energy and planting trees and these practices must be encouraged whenever possible, just as we should encourage hygiene and politeness. But if we promote these virtues for political ends that affect other ends (global poverty, diseases, economic viability, societal progress), then we had better be right in our declarations. Evidence is emerging to suggest that our experts have been wrong. Last summer’s Antarctic ice melt was the lowest since satellite imaging began. This was not predicted in any modelling and suggests that the sea-level rise predictions have been exaggerated. But the publication of this information by Tedesco and Monaghan in Geophysical Research Letters, has been largely ignored by climatologists. Secondly, there has been a cooling trend since 1998 (global temperatures have been going down rather than up).
This evidence has been met with many explanations and dire warnings that although this may be true, once this oceanic cooling phase ends, it is going to get even hotter faster. (During the last ocean cooling phase that peaked in the 1970s, scientists were predicting an ice age.) Mother Nature is entering the climate debate, and rather than us celebrating having avoided the worst-case warming scenarios, the environmental-industrial complex is ratcheting up the fear index. The leaked emails from the University of East Anglia show that scientists have been playing “tricks” with the data for quite some time now. What would happen to all of the climate research funding UEA receives should there be less concern about global warming?
The precautionary principle as espoused by NGOs like Greenpeace and Friends of the Earth (and presently being lobbied on EU policy-makers and retail companies) does not accommodate responsibility for any consequences from needless avoidance. “Better safe than sorry” translates into an attitude of “never mind if, in the end, we were proven to be wrong”. Being wrong does not seem to matter if you are trying to save the planet. In any case, our emerging eco-religion, like all religions before it, keeps facts at arm’s length. It is not that NGOs and climate scientists are lying. Rather, enamoured by the benign nature of their mission, their decision-making process has perhaps been clouded by their high sense of urgency, emotion and ego. Someone should tell them that in the greater scheme of things, man is not so significant, not when compared to the climatic influence of oceans, our planet or the sun. Such is our hubris today to even think we are of the same stature and can affect climate in the same way as sun or sea.
We are in a world of finite resources (at a time of economic crisis) where all of our focus seems to be on this noble project of cooling our planet, with industry pulling in public funds to build cathedrals of ecological inutility. At the same time, every day almost 3000 people (mostly children and mostly in Africa) die from malaria; 2000 die from TB (once again, that is every day). Hunger rates are rising and experts are predicting dire consequences (although policy opportunists are trying to pin that on climate change rather than the evident lack of investment in agricultural technologies and development). Being wrong on climate matters (and reflects the irresponsibility of policy-makers – too weak to stand up to the environmental-industrial complex).
These daily silent deaths can easily be avoided with investments far less significant than that given to organisations to try to reverse our planetary and solar patterns as well as other stimulus-driven eco-follies. Unfortunately, children in Africa are not part of the strategy of the environmental-industrial complex so the only funds they receive seem to come from private charities -- enough to make some of us feel better, but certainly not enough to do anything concrete. And anyway, we keep telling ourselves that the potentially catastrophic consequences of climate change on children in Africa will be far worse than malaria, TB and starvation. So deeply have we been affected by this fear of climate change that even evidence of our being wrong cannot seem right. How can we break free of this environmental-industrial complex? Eisenhower could not. Nor could Kennedy. Obama is encouraging it. It seems our only hope is for Mother Nature to continue to confuse us and for contrarian scientists to continue to show courage.
Dit artikel van David Zaruk verscheen eerst in "New Europe".
Meer teksten van deze auteur op www.new-europe.eu.
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